Impact of gas flaring on acute respiratory distress among pregnant women and newborn babies in Delta State Central Senatorial District, Nigeria
-
Omatseye Alero Akuirene
,
John Esimaje Moyegbone
,
Charity Omoikhekpen Chukumah
,
Mercy Ebiyemi Kalaroo
,
Josiah Obaghwerhievwo Adjene
,
Emmanuel Agbonomhen Agege
,
Joseph Onyedenyifa Odoko
,
Ezekiel Uba Nwose
Abstract
Introduction: Gas flaring is a vital environmental issue that has a negative influence on health of population that host natural gases and oil wells. Exacerbated risk of abnormal outcomes for pregnant women and newborn babies are of great concern in maternal and child health. The researchers aimed to examine how gas flaring impact acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in women that were pregnant and newborn babies.
Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey involving 483 pregnant women of reproductive age, antenatal caregivers and healthcare professionals at health facilities in Delta State Central Senatorial District. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, a structured survey questionnaire was used to collect respondents’ RDS experiences and that of their new borne. Data were statistically analysed with the use of SPSS. Significant level was considered at P<0.05
Results: Among the 326 children recruited, 205 (42.4%) had experienced respiratory distress. Of the 483 women, 54% suffered from respiratory disease and 33% of the children had been admitted for respiratory distress on a weekly basis. While the age, educational level, gender, and marital status of women were not significant statistically with having children experiencing RDS, bearing children was statistically significant (P<0.001). Health professional reported that developing severe lung infection, release of black carbon and asthma sufferers were major risk factors to RDS.
Conclusion: Findings showed that there was an increased prevalence of RDS among the study sub-population. RDS contributes more to cardiovascular disease and diabetes, hence it is important to address this public health issue
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17. Gyawali P, Richards RS, Bwititi PT, Nwose EU. Association of abnormal erythrocyte morphology with oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 2015 Apr 1;54(4):360-3.
18. Richards R, Nwose E. Blood Viscosity at Different Stages of Diabetes Pathogenesis. Br J Biomed Sci. 2010; 67: 67–70.
19. Nwose E, Bwititi P, Richards R. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Whole Blood Viscosity for Clinical Laboratory Testing of Smoking Toxicity. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016; 4: 2332–2336.
20. Nwose EU, Jelinek HF, Richards RS, Kerr PG. Erythrocyte oxidative stress in clinical management of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. British journal of biomedical science. 2007 Jan 1;64(1):35-43.
21. Akuirene OA, Nwajei SD, Adjene JO, Moyegbone JE, Nwose EU. Epidemiology of respiratory distress in pregnancy and the newborn in Delta state Nigeria. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2020 Jan 1;7(11):4631-8.
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23. Catanzarite V, Willms D, Wong D, Landers C, Cousins L, Schrimmer D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy and the puerperium: causes, courses, and outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001 May 1;97(5):760-4.
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28. Raosoft. Sample size calculator. Epub ahead of print 2004. DOI: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html.
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30. Seyyednjad SM, Majdian K, Koochak H, Niknejad M. Air pollution tolerance indices of some plants around industrial zone in south of Iran.
31. Patel BM, Reilly JP, Bhalla AK, Smith LS, Khemani RG, Jones TK, Meyer NJ, Harhay MO, Yehya N. Association between age and mortality in pediatric and adult acute respiratory distress syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2024 Apr 1;209(7):871-8.
32. Zhang W, Zhang M, Kuang Z, Huang Z, Gao L, Zhu J. The risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A retrospective analysis. Medicine. 2021 Jan 15;100(2):e23982.
33. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):934-43.
34. Cortes-Ramirez J, Wilches-Vega JD, Paris-Pineda OM, Rod JE, Ayurzana L, Sly PD. Environmental risk factors associated with respiratory diseases in children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Heliyon. 2021 Apr 1;7(4).
35. World Health Organization. Climate Change and Human Health: Risk and Responses, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/climate-change-and-human-health---risks-and-responses. 2003.
36. Ite AE, Ibok UJ. Gas flaring and venting associated with petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2013 Aug;1(4):70-7.
37. Siza JE. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern Tanzania. Tanzania journal of health research. 2008 Apr 16;10(1):1-8.
38. Murphy CC, Schei B, Myhr TL, Du Mont J. Abuse: a risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cmaj. 2001 May 29;164(11):1567-72.
39. Tema T. Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. East African medical journal. 2006 Nov 16;83(7).
40. Arne O, Prakeshkumar S. Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight. A synopsis of the evidence. https://www.ihe.ca/advanced-search/determinants-and-prevention-of-low-birth-weight-a-synopsis-of-the-evidence.2008.
41. Mduduzin N, Mbuya M. Biological, Social and Environmental Determinants of Low Birth Weight and Stunting among Infants and Young Children in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Work Pap. 2010; 7: 32–61.
42. Ubani E, Onyejekwe I. Environmental Impact Analyses of Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Am J Sci Ind Res. 2013; 4: 246–252.
43. Aghalino S. Gas Flaring, Environmental Pollution and Abatement Measures in Nigeria, 1969 - 2001. J Sustain Dev Africa. 2009; 11: 219–238.
44. Orloff K, Turner D, Rehder K. The Current State of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pediatr Allergy, Immunol Pulmonol. 2019; 32: 35–44.
45. Parvathaneni K, Belani S, Leung D. Evaluating the Performance of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017; 18: 17–25.
46. Gupta S, Sankar J, Lodha R, Kabra SK. Comparison of prevalence and outcomes of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome using pediatric acute lung injury consensus conference criteria and Berlin definition. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2018 Apr 9;6:93.
47. Quasney M, Lopez-Fernandez Y, Santschi M. The Outcomes of Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. PediatrCrit Care Med. 2015; 16: S118–S131.
48. Wong JJ, Jit M, Sultana R, Mok YH, Yeo JG, Koh JW, Loh TF, Lee JH. Mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of intensive care medicine. 2019 Jul;34(7):563-71.
49. Andreau K, Leroux M, Bouharrour A. Health and cellular impacts of air pollutants: From cytoprotection to cytotoxicity. Biochem Res Int. 2012; 2012: 1–18.
50. Bocheva G, Slominski R, Slominski A. Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24: 1–25.
51. Benfield T, Jensen J, Nordestgaard B. Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome. Diabetologia. 2007; 50: 549–554.
5. Shah B, Hux J. Quantifying the risk of infectious diseases for people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 510–513.
53. Bouvet L, Chassard D, Desgranges F. Risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients with diabetes mellitus. Br J Anaesth. 2022; 128: e19–e20.
54. Schwisow S, Falyar C, Silva S, Muckler VC. A protocol implementation to determine aspiration risk in patients with multiple risk factors for gastroparesis. Journal of Perioperative Practice. 2022 Jul;32(7-8):172-7.
55. Burgos LG, Ebert TJ, Asiddao C, Turner LA, Pattison CZ, Wang-Cheng R, et al. Increased intraoperative cardiovascular morbidity in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. Survey of Anesthesiology. 1989 Dec 1;33(6):353.
56. Purewal T, Watkins P. Postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: a review. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 192–200.
2. Adelana SO, Adeosun TA, Adesina AO, Ojuroye MO. Environmental pollution and remediation: challenges and management of oil Spillage in the Nigerian coastal areas. American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2011;2(6):834-45.
3. Amnesty International. Nigeria: Petroleum, Pollution and Poverty in the Niger Delta, https://www.amnesty.org.2 009.
4. Kadafa AA. Oil exploration and spillage in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Civil and Environmental Research. 2012 Nov 28;2(3):38-51.
5. Johnson J, Lim E, Roh H. Impact of Upstream Oil Extraction and Environmental Public Health: A Review of the Evidence. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657: 187–199.
6. Oladipupo SO, Mudashiru RB, Oyeleke MO, Bakare SB. Review of some impacts of oil exploration and production in Niger Delta, Nigeria. InInternational Conference of Science, Engineering & Environmental Technology 2016 (Vol. 1, No. 13, pp. 90-103).
7. Ordinioha B, Brisibe S. The Human Health Implications of Crude Oil Spills in the Niger Delta, Nigeria: An Interpretation of Published Studies. Niger Med J J Niger Med Assoc 2013; 54: 10–16.
8. Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The impact of fine particulate matter 2.5 on the cardiovascular system: a review of the invisible killer. Nanomaterials. 2022 Aug 2;12(15):2656.
9. World Health Organization. Health consequences of air pollution on populations. WHO Geneva. https://www.who.int/news/item/25-06-2024-what-are-health-consequences-of-air-pollution-on-populations.2024.
10. Nduka JK, Orisakwe OE. Precipitation Chemistry and Occurrence of Acid Rain over the Oil‐Producing Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. The scientific world journal. 2010;10(1):528-34.
11. Anejionu OC, Whyatt JD, Blackburn GA, Price CS. Contributions of gas flaring to a global air pollution hotspot: Spatial and temporal variations, impacts and alleviation. Atmospheric Environment. 2015 Oct 1;118:184-93.
12. Elum Z, Mopipi K, Henri-Ukoha A. Oil Exploitation and its Socioeconomic Effects on the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Env Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016; 23: 12880–12889.
13. Ekpoh I, Obia A. The Role of Gas Flaring in the Rapid Corrosion of Zinc Roofs in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Environmentalist 2010; 30: 347–352.
14. Irikefe O, John I, Peter A. Impact of Gas Flaring on Cardiopulmonary Parameters of Residents in Gas Flaring Communities in Niger Delta Nigeria. Br J Med Med Res 2016; 15: 1–13.
15. Manby B. The Price of Oil: Corporate Responsibility and Human Rights Violations in Nigeria’s Oil Producing Communities. Human Rights Watch. 1999, p. 202.
16. Canales M, Coffey N, Moore E. Exploring Health Implications of Disparities Associated with Food Insecurity Among Low-Income Populations. Nurs Clin North Am. 2015; 50: 465–481.
17. Gyawali P, Richards RS, Bwititi PT, Nwose EU. Association of abnormal erythrocyte morphology with oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases. 2015 Apr 1;54(4):360-3.
18. Richards R, Nwose E. Blood Viscosity at Different Stages of Diabetes Pathogenesis. Br J Biomed Sci. 2010; 67: 67–70.
19. Nwose E, Bwititi P, Richards R. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Whole Blood Viscosity for Clinical Laboratory Testing of Smoking Toxicity. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016; 4: 2332–2336.
20. Nwose EU, Jelinek HF, Richards RS, Kerr PG. Erythrocyte oxidative stress in clinical management of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. British journal of biomedical science. 2007 Jan 1;64(1):35-43.
21. Akuirene OA, Nwajei SD, Adjene JO, Moyegbone JE, Nwose EU. Epidemiology of respiratory distress in pregnancy and the newborn in Delta state Nigeria. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2020 Jan 1;7(11):4631-8.
22. Ferguson ND, Fan E, Camporota L, Antonelli M, Anzueto A, Beale R, Brochard L, Brower R, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, Rhodes A. The Berlin definition of ARDS: an expanded rationale, justification, and supplementary material. Intensive care medicine. 2012 Oct;38:1573-82.
23. Catanzarite V, Willms D, Wong D, Landers C, Cousins L, Schrimmer D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy and the puerperium: causes, courses, and outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001 May 1;97(5):760-4.
24. Mabie W, Barton J, Sibai B. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pregnancy. Am J Obs Gynecol. 1992; 167: 950–957.
25. Edwards M, Kotecha S, Kotecha S. Respiratory Distress of the Term Newborn Infant. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2013; 14: 29–36.
26. Hibbard JU, Wilkins I, Sun L, Gregory K, Haberman S, Hoffman M, Kominiarek MA, Reddy U, Bailit J, Branch DW, Burkman R. Respiratory morbidity in late preterm births. Jama. 2010 Jul 28;304(4):419-25.
27. Reuter S, Moser C, Baack M. Respiratory Distress in the Newborn. Pediatr Rev. 2014; 35: 417–429.
28. Raosoft. Sample size calculator. Epub ahead of print 2004. DOI: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html.
29. Akpoghelie J. Effects of Air Pollution on Biochemical Properties of plant Species. Lambert Academic Publishing, https://my.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details/store/gb/book/978-3-659-83420-2/effects-of-air-pollution-on-biochemical-properties-of-plant-species?locale=gb. 2016.
30. Seyyednjad SM, Majdian K, Koochak H, Niknejad M. Air pollution tolerance indices of some plants around industrial zone in south of Iran.
31. Patel BM, Reilly JP, Bhalla AK, Smith LS, Khemani RG, Jones TK, Meyer NJ, Harhay MO, Yehya N. Association between age and mortality in pediatric and adult acute respiratory distress syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2024 Apr 1;209(7):871-8.
32. Zhang W, Zhang M, Kuang Z, Huang Z, Gao L, Zhu J. The risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A retrospective analysis. Medicine. 2021 Jan 15;100(2):e23982.
33. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA internal medicine. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):934-43.
34. Cortes-Ramirez J, Wilches-Vega JD, Paris-Pineda OM, Rod JE, Ayurzana L, Sly PD. Environmental risk factors associated with respiratory diseases in children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Heliyon. 2021 Apr 1;7(4).
35. World Health Organization. Climate Change and Human Health: Risk and Responses, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/climate-change-and-human-health---risks-and-responses. 2003.
36. Ite AE, Ibok UJ. Gas flaring and venting associated with petroleum exploration and production in the Nigeria’s Niger Delta. American Journal of Environmental Protection. 2013 Aug;1(4):70-7.
37. Siza JE. Risk factors associated with low birth weight of neonates among pregnant women attending a referral hospital in northern Tanzania. Tanzania journal of health research. 2008 Apr 16;10(1):1-8.
38. Murphy CC, Schei B, Myhr TL, Du Mont J. Abuse: a risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cmaj. 2001 May 29;164(11):1567-72.
39. Tema T. Prevalence and determinants of low birth weight in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. East African medical journal. 2006 Nov 16;83(7).
40. Arne O, Prakeshkumar S. Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight. A synopsis of the evidence. https://www.ihe.ca/advanced-search/determinants-and-prevention-of-low-birth-weight-a-synopsis-of-the-evidence.2008.
41. Mduduzin N, Mbuya M. Biological, Social and Environmental Determinants of Low Birth Weight and Stunting among Infants and Young Children in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Work Pap. 2010; 7: 32–61.
42. Ubani E, Onyejekwe I. Environmental Impact Analyses of Gas Flaring in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Am J Sci Ind Res. 2013; 4: 246–252.
43. Aghalino S. Gas Flaring, Environmental Pollution and Abatement Measures in Nigeria, 1969 - 2001. J Sustain Dev Africa. 2009; 11: 219–238.
44. Orloff K, Turner D, Rehder K. The Current State of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pediatr Allergy, Immunol Pulmonol. 2019; 32: 35–44.
45. Parvathaneni K, Belani S, Leung D. Evaluating the Performance of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017; 18: 17–25.
46. Gupta S, Sankar J, Lodha R, Kabra SK. Comparison of prevalence and outcomes of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome using pediatric acute lung injury consensus conference criteria and Berlin definition. Frontiers in pediatrics. 2018 Apr 9;6:93.
47. Quasney M, Lopez-Fernandez Y, Santschi M. The Outcomes of Children with Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. PediatrCrit Care Med. 2015; 16: S118–S131.
48. Wong JJ, Jit M, Sultana R, Mok YH, Yeo JG, Koh JW, Loh TF, Lee JH. Mortality in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of intensive care medicine. 2019 Jul;34(7):563-71.
49. Andreau K, Leroux M, Bouharrour A. Health and cellular impacts of air pollutants: From cytoprotection to cytotoxicity. Biochem Res Int. 2012; 2012: 1–18.
50. Bocheva G, Slominski R, Slominski A. Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24: 1–25.
51. Benfield T, Jensen J, Nordestgaard B. Influence of diabetes and hyperglycaemia on infectious disease hospitalisation and outcome. Diabetologia. 2007; 50: 549–554.
5. Shah B, Hux J. Quantifying the risk of infectious diseases for people with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 510–513.
53. Bouvet L, Chassard D, Desgranges F. Risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients with diabetes mellitus. Br J Anaesth. 2022; 128: e19–e20.
54. Schwisow S, Falyar C, Silva S, Muckler VC. A protocol implementation to determine aspiration risk in patients with multiple risk factors for gastroparesis. Journal of Perioperative Practice. 2022 Jul;32(7-8):172-7.
55. Burgos LG, Ebert TJ, Asiddao C, Turner LA, Pattison CZ, Wang-Cheng R, et al. Increased intraoperative cardiovascular morbidity in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy. Survey of Anesthesiology. 1989 Dec 1;33(6):353.
56. Purewal T, Watkins P. Postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy: a review. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 192–200.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 4 (2024): Autumn 2024 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v9i4.17647 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Environmental health problems; Gas flares; Respiratory distress syndrome; Pregnant women; Newborn babies | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Akuirene O, Moyegbone J, Chukumah C, Kalaroo M, Adjene J, Agege E, Odoko J, Nwose E. Impact of gas flaring on acute respiratory distress among pregnant women and newborn babies in Delta State Central Senatorial District, Nigeria. JAPH. 2024;9(4):431-444.
