Coping with sand and dust storms: Developing and validating of an adaptation assessment tool
-
Shiva Salehi
,
Ali Ardalan
,
Abbas - Ostadtaghizadeh
,
Armin Zareiyan
,
Gholamreza Garmaroudi
,
Abbas Rahimiforoushani
Abstract
Introduction: Given the multitude of climate changes and the varying level of adaptation in different societies, it is necessary to measure the degree of adaptation to climate change in any society, as these aids in planning strategies to promote adaptation. Achieving such a goal requires the use of reliable, stable, and indigenous culture-based tools. The purpose of this study is to design and psychometrically assess the adaptation of Iranian society to dust.
Materials and methods: The present investigation is a sequential exploratory combined study that utilizes an instrumentation approach. The primary tool, consisting of 101 design items, was developed Based on indicators extracted from two qualitative studies and a systematic review. Its face (quantitative and qualitative), content (qualitative and quantitative), and structural validity among 432 citizens of Ahvaz in southwest Iran were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of the tool was then calculated using Cronbach's alpha test and the intra -cluster correlation index.
Results: After calculating the item effect score index with values higher than 1.5, the content validity ratio higher than 0.49, and the content validity index higher than 0.79, 40 items out of the initial 101 were selected. Through exploratory factor analysis, the items were further reduced to 34 and grouped into four areas, based on the eigenvalue being higher than 1. The tool's reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.974 and an IntraCluster Correlation index (ICC) of 0.951 with a 95% confidence interval.
Conclusion: This study successfully designed and produced a tool for measuring the adaptability to dust, comprising 34 items categorized into four areas: optimistic capacity, adjustment, adaptation, and response. This tool can quantitatively measure society's adaptability to dust. With its strong validity and reliability, the tool can identify both the weakness and strengths of a society's adaptation to dust, compare the level of adaptation across different societies, and determine trends within a society.
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8. Houghton J. Global warming: the complete briefing: Cambridge university press; 2009.
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11. O'Brien G, O'keefe P, Rose J, Wisner B. Climate change and disaster management. Disasters. 2006;30(1):64-80.10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00307.x.
12. Ridgwell AJ. Dust in the Earth system: the biogeochemical linking of land, air and sea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2002;360(1801):2905-24.10.1098/rsta.2002.1096.
13. Singh NP, Anand B, Singh S, Khan A. Mainstreaming climate adaptation in Indian rural developmental agenda: A micro-macro convergence. Climate Risk Management. 2019;24:30-41.10.1016/j.crm.2019.04.003.
14. Ali Malaekeh SM, Farhadiannezhad M, Afshari H, Hossieni O. Effect Dusts Phenomena on Health. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2019;13(2).10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00148.8.
15. Sehat Kashani S, Rahnama M, Karami S, RanjbarSaadatabadi A, Khoddam N. Evaluation of Environmental Parameters Influencing Dust Sources Activation over Ilam Province. Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 2022;54(3):403-27. 10.22059/jphgr.2022.340430.1007687.
16. Khaledi KS. Economic loss of dust storms in Iran west provinces case study of Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah. Economic Modelling. 2013;7(23):105-25
17. Destaw F, Fenta MM. Climate change adaptation strategies and their predictors amongst rural farmers in Ambassel district, Northern Ethiopia. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 2021;13(1):1-11.10.4102/jamba.v13i1.974
18. Lieske DJ, Wade T, Roness LA. Climate change awareness and strategies for communicating the risk of coastal flooding: A Canadian Maritime case example. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2014;140:83-94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.04.017.
19. Baker I, Peterson A, Brown G, McAlpine C. Local government response to the impacts of climate change: An evaluation of local climate adaptation plans. Landscape and urban planning. 2012;107(2):127-36.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.009.
20. Sharman A. Climate change as a knowledge controversy: Investigating debates over science and policy: London School of Economics and Political Science; 2015.
21. Urwin K, Jordan A. Does public policy support or undermine climate change adaptation? Exploring policy interplay across different scales of governance. Global environmental change. 2008;18(1):180-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.08.002.
22. Dahlquist RM, Whelan M, Winowiecki L, Polidoro B, Candela S, Harvey CA, et al. Incorporating livelihoods in biodiversity conservation: a case study of cacao agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Biodiversity and conservation. 2007;16:2311-33
23. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Garmaroudi G, Zareiyan A, Rahimiforoushani A. Conceptual definition and framework of climate change and dust storm adaptation: a qualitative study. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2019;17:797-810
24. Yohe G, Tol RS. Indicators for social and economic coping capacity—moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Global environmental change. 2002;12(1):25-40.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00026-7.
25. Soleimani A, Afrakhte H, Azizpour F, Tahmasebi A. Theoretical Perspective of Structure and Action in Explaining the Adaptation Behavior to Drought. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies. 2017;4(16):19-40
26. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Garmaroudi G, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Rahimiforoushani A, Zareiyan A. Climate change adaptation: a systematic review on domains and indicators. Natural Hazards. 2019;96:521-50
27. Shiva S. Measurement of sand and dust storm adaptation and experiences in Ahvaz, (Dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree). Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019:190 p
28. Pello K, Okinda C, Liu A, Njagi T. Factors affecting adaptation to climate change through agroforestry in Kenya. Land. 2021;10(4):371.10.3390/land10040371.
29. Mahmoodi Momtaz A, Choobchian S, Farhadian H. Factors Affecting Farmers' Perception and Adaptation Behavior in Response to Climate Change in Hamedan Province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2020;22(4):905-17
30. de Vet H. Measurement in Medicine: A practical guide: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
31. Ebadi A, Zarshenas L, Rakhshan M, Zareiyan A, Sharifnia S, Mojahedi M. Principles of scale development in health science. Tehran: Jame-e-negar. 2017;6
32. Almanasreh E, Moles R, Chen TF. Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in social and administrative pharmacy. 2019;15(2):214-21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066.
33. Brod M, Tesler LE, Christensen TL. Qualitative research and content validity: developing best practices based on science and experience. Quality of life research. 2009;18:1263-78
34. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Zareiyan A, Garmaroudi G, Rahimiforoushani A. Strategies and experiences for sand and dust storm adaptation: A qualitative study in Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2021;19:1753-63.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00730-w.
35. Annex II I. Glossary [Möller, VR van Diemen, JBR Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, JS Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger. Climate Change. 2022
36. Union A. UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), and World Bank. 2008. Status of Disaster Risk Reduction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region, by Rakhi Bhavnani, Seth Vordzorgbe, Martin Owor, and Franck Bousquet Washington, DC: World Bank. 2008:85
37. Wheeler S, Zuo A, Bjornlund H. Farmers’ climate change beliefs and adaptation strategies for a water scarce future in Australia. Global Environmental Change. 2013;23(2):537-47.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.008.
38. Moser SC, Boykoff MT. Successful adaptation to climate change: linking science and policy in a rapidly changing world: Routledge; 2013.
39. Young TJ, Schartner A. The effects of cross-cultural communication education on international students' adjustment and adaptation. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2014;35(6):547-62.10.1080/01434632.2014.884099.
40. Khosravipour B, Savarimombeni A. Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes. Human & Environment. 2022;20(2):205-16
41. Mahboobi M, Ramezani N. Assessment of environmental ethics of rural people in Golestan province. Ethics in Science and Technology. 2011;6(3):58-67
42. Algorani EB, Gupta V. Coping mechanisms. StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
43. Abedi-Sarvestani A, Shahvali M. Necessity and characteristics of research in environmental ethics. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology. 2008;3(3):4
44. Cianconi P, Hanife B, Grillo F, Zhang K, Janiri L. Human responses and adaptation in a changing climate: a framework integrating biological, psychological, and behavioural aspects. Life. 2021;11(9):895.https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090895.
45. Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C, Alemu T, Yesuf M. Determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Global environmental change. 2009;19(2):248-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.002.
46. Yazdanpanah M FM, Zobeidi T. Determining the Factors Influencing on Farmers’ Adaptation Behaviors in Dealing with Climate Change and Global Warming: A Case Study in Bavi Township, Khuzestan. Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 2017;4(1):137-47
47. Afshari M, Pourdeyhimi S. The environmental adaptation of human lifestyle. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 2016;34(152):3-16
2. Elalem S, Pal I. Mapping the vulnerability hotspots over Hindu-Kush Himalaya region to flooding disasters. Weather and Climate Extremes. 2015;8:46-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2014.12.001.
3. WMO. WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019: World Meteorological Organization (WMO); 2020.
4. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Natural disasters in 2017 Lm, higher cost: EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. . (CRED). Research Institute Health & Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain Brussels, Belgium 2017
5. Birkmann J, von Teichman K. Integrating disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation: key challenges—scales, knowledge, and norms. Sustainability Science. 2010;5:171-84
6. Disasters CfRotEo. EM-DAT: This CRED Crunch issue is adapted from Disasters in numbers. Brussels: CRED, 2023 The full report is available at: https://credbe/sites/default/files/2022_EMDAT_reportpdf. 2022
7. Geravandi S, Yari AR, Jafari M, Goudarzi G, Vosoughi M, Dastoorpoor M, et al. Effects of dust phenomenon and impacts with emphasis on dust problems and present solutions in Khuzestan (Iran). Archives of Hygiene Sciences. 2018;7(2):134-8
8. Houghton J. Global warming: the complete briefing: Cambridge university press; 2009.
9. Perkins S. Dust, the thermostat. Science News. 2001;160(13):200
10. Matthew RA, Hammill A. Sustainable development and climate change. International affairs. 2009;85(6):1117-28.10.1111/j.1468-2346.2009.00852.x.
11. O'Brien G, O'keefe P, Rose J, Wisner B. Climate change and disaster management. Disasters. 2006;30(1):64-80.10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00307.x.
12. Ridgwell AJ. Dust in the Earth system: the biogeochemical linking of land, air and sea. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 2002;360(1801):2905-24.10.1098/rsta.2002.1096.
13. Singh NP, Anand B, Singh S, Khan A. Mainstreaming climate adaptation in Indian rural developmental agenda: A micro-macro convergence. Climate Risk Management. 2019;24:30-41.10.1016/j.crm.2019.04.003.
14. Ali Malaekeh SM, Farhadiannezhad M, Afshari H, Hossieni O. Effect Dusts Phenomena on Health. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2019;13(2).10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00148.8.
15. Sehat Kashani S, Rahnama M, Karami S, RanjbarSaadatabadi A, Khoddam N. Evaluation of Environmental Parameters Influencing Dust Sources Activation over Ilam Province. Physical Geography Research Quarterly. 2022;54(3):403-27. 10.22059/jphgr.2022.340430.1007687.
16. Khaledi KS. Economic loss of dust storms in Iran west provinces case study of Ilam, Khuzestan and Kermanshah. Economic Modelling. 2013;7(23):105-25
17. Destaw F, Fenta MM. Climate change adaptation strategies and their predictors amongst rural farmers in Ambassel district, Northern Ethiopia. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 2021;13(1):1-11.10.4102/jamba.v13i1.974
18. Lieske DJ, Wade T, Roness LA. Climate change awareness and strategies for communicating the risk of coastal flooding: A Canadian Maritime case example. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2014;140:83-94.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.04.017.
19. Baker I, Peterson A, Brown G, McAlpine C. Local government response to the impacts of climate change: An evaluation of local climate adaptation plans. Landscape and urban planning. 2012;107(2):127-36.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.009.
20. Sharman A. Climate change as a knowledge controversy: Investigating debates over science and policy: London School of Economics and Political Science; 2015.
21. Urwin K, Jordan A. Does public policy support or undermine climate change adaptation? Exploring policy interplay across different scales of governance. Global environmental change. 2008;18(1):180-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.08.002.
22. Dahlquist RM, Whelan M, Winowiecki L, Polidoro B, Candela S, Harvey CA, et al. Incorporating livelihoods in biodiversity conservation: a case study of cacao agroforestry systems in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Biodiversity and conservation. 2007;16:2311-33
23. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Garmaroudi G, Zareiyan A, Rahimiforoushani A. Conceptual definition and framework of climate change and dust storm adaptation: a qualitative study. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2019;17:797-810
24. Yohe G, Tol RS. Indicators for social and economic coping capacity—moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Global environmental change. 2002;12(1):25-40.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(01)00026-7.
25. Soleimani A, Afrakhte H, Azizpour F, Tahmasebi A. Theoretical Perspective of Structure and Action in Explaining the Adaptation Behavior to Drought. Quarterly Journal of The Macro and Strategic Policies. 2017;4(16):19-40
26. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Garmaroudi G, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Rahimiforoushani A, Zareiyan A. Climate change adaptation: a systematic review on domains and indicators. Natural Hazards. 2019;96:521-50
27. Shiva S. Measurement of sand and dust storm adaptation and experiences in Ahvaz, (Dissertation for Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Degree). Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2019:190 p
28. Pello K, Okinda C, Liu A, Njagi T. Factors affecting adaptation to climate change through agroforestry in Kenya. Land. 2021;10(4):371.10.3390/land10040371.
29. Mahmoodi Momtaz A, Choobchian S, Farhadian H. Factors Affecting Farmers' Perception and Adaptation Behavior in Response to Climate Change in Hamedan Province, Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2020;22(4):905-17
30. de Vet H. Measurement in Medicine: A practical guide: Cambridge University Press; 2011.
31. Ebadi A, Zarshenas L, Rakhshan M, Zareiyan A, Sharifnia S, Mojahedi M. Principles of scale development in health science. Tehran: Jame-e-negar. 2017;6
32. Almanasreh E, Moles R, Chen TF. Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in social and administrative pharmacy. 2019;15(2):214-21.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066.
33. Brod M, Tesler LE, Christensen TL. Qualitative research and content validity: developing best practices based on science and experience. Quality of life research. 2009;18:1263-78
34. Salehi S, Ardalan A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Zareiyan A, Garmaroudi G, Rahimiforoushani A. Strategies and experiences for sand and dust storm adaptation: A qualitative study in Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2021;19:1753-63.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00730-w.
35. Annex II I. Glossary [Möller, VR van Diemen, JBR Matthews, C. Méndez, S. Semenov, JS Fuglestvedt, A. Reisinger. Climate Change. 2022
36. Union A. UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), and World Bank. 2008. Status of Disaster Risk Reduction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Region, by Rakhi Bhavnani, Seth Vordzorgbe, Martin Owor, and Franck Bousquet Washington, DC: World Bank. 2008:85
37. Wheeler S, Zuo A, Bjornlund H. Farmers’ climate change beliefs and adaptation strategies for a water scarce future in Australia. Global Environmental Change. 2013;23(2):537-47.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.008.
38. Moser SC, Boykoff MT. Successful adaptation to climate change: linking science and policy in a rapidly changing world: Routledge; 2013.
39. Young TJ, Schartner A. The effects of cross-cultural communication education on international students' adjustment and adaptation. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development. 2014;35(6):547-62.10.1080/01434632.2014.884099.
40. Khosravipour B, Savarimombeni A. Extention environmental ethics with an emphasis on lifestyle changes. Human & Environment. 2022;20(2):205-16
41. Mahboobi M, Ramezani N. Assessment of environmental ethics of rural people in Golestan province. Ethics in Science and Technology. 2011;6(3):58-67
42. Algorani EB, Gupta V. Coping mechanisms. StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing; 2023.
43. Abedi-Sarvestani A, Shahvali M. Necessity and characteristics of research in environmental ethics. Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology. 2008;3(3):4
44. Cianconi P, Hanife B, Grillo F, Zhang K, Janiri L. Human responses and adaptation in a changing climate: a framework integrating biological, psychological, and behavioural aspects. Life. 2021;11(9):895.https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090895.
45. Deressa TT, Hassan RM, Ringler C, Alemu T, Yesuf M. Determinants of farmers’ choice of adaptation methods to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. Global environmental change. 2009;19(2):248-55.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2009.01.002.
46. Yazdanpanah M FM, Zobeidi T. Determining the Factors Influencing on Farmers’ Adaptation Behaviors in Dealing with Climate Change and Global Warming: A Case Study in Bavi Township, Khuzestan. Iranian Agricultural Economics and Development Research. 2017;4(1):137-47
47. Afshari M, Pourdeyhimi S. The environmental adaptation of human lifestyle. Journal of Housing and Rural Environment. 2016;34(152):3-16
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 4 (2024): Autumn 2024 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v9i4.17646 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Psychometric; Adaptability measurement; Dust; Climate change | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salehi S, Ardalan A, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Zareiyan A, Garmaroudi G, Rahimiforoushani A. Coping with sand and dust storms: Developing and validating of an adaptation assessment tool. JAPH. 2024;9(4):415-430.
