Data analysis of indoor air pollutants in the laboratories of an Indian engineering institute
,
Abstract
Introduction: Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) is a serious problem, especially in enclosed environments where humans are present for a long period. Similar enclosed environments can be seen in educational Institutions, where employees and students spend much of their time. The objective of this research is to assess the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) of engineering Institute's laboratories.
Materials and methods: The sample of Indoor Air Pollutants (IAPs) such as Particulate Matters (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC), Formaldehyde (HCHO), and Carbon dioxide (CO2) were obtained by using a portable air quality meter from 12 different laboratories during July 2021 to September 2021 from 10:00 to 17:00. The statistical analysis was performed to interpret the outcomes.
Results: As a result, the higher concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, TVOC,
HCHO, and CO2 was observed in ML11, ML2, ML12, ML5 and ML4. The correlation analysis shows that all laboratories, with the exception of ML4, ML5, ML9, and ML11, show good positive correlation for Particulate
Matter (PM) of all sizes (R2>0.90). Additionally, ML6 and ML9 exhibited a strong positive association (R2
>0.78) for TVOC, ML4 and ML8 for HCHO (R2>0.68), and ML3 and ML10 for CO2(R2>0.66). In addition, cluster analysis was performed on the datasets to group them into similar source categories. As a result, 3, 2, 2, 4, 3, and 3 clusters for PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10, TVOC, HCHO, and CO2 are extracted.
Conclusion: Overall, it appears that the presence of IAPs is caused by nearby outdoor activities, sweeping and dusting, wood furniture, paints, and poor ventilation in laboratories.
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26. Bayer CW, Crow SA. Causes of Indoor Air Quality Problems in Schools: Summary of Scientific Research. 1999.
27. McLeod RS, Mathew M, Salman D, Thomas CL. An investigation of indoor air quality in a recently refurbished educational building. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2022 Jan 7;7:769761.
28. Tomar AS, Agarwal AK. Monitoring of Concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in Indoor Air in the Laboratories of a Technical Institute. 2021;6(11):85–9.
29. Gemenetzis P, Moussas P, Arditsoglou A, Samara C. Mass concentration and elemental composition of indoor PM2.5 and PM10 in University rooms in Thessaloniki, northern Greece. Atmos Environ. 2006;40(17):3195–206.
30. Stamatelopoulou A, Asimakopoulos DN, Maggos T. Effects of PM, TVOCs and comfort parameters on indoor air quality of residences with young children. Build Environ. 2019;150(September 2018):233–44.
31. Yang J, Nam I, Yun H, Kim J, Oh HJ, Lee D, et al. Characteristics of indoor air quality at urban elementary schools in Seoul, Korea: Assessment of effect of surrounding environments. Atmos Pollut Res [Internet]. 2015;6(6):1113–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.06.009
32. Bjørn E, Nielsen P V. Dispersal of exhaled air and personal exposure in displacement ventilated rooms. Indoor Air. 2002;12(3):147–64.
33. Goyal R, Khare M. Indoor-outdoor concentrations of RSPM in classroom of a naturally ventilated school building near an urban traffic roadway. Atmos Environ. 2009;43(38):6026–38.
2. Rajput JS, Trivedi MK. Determination and assessment of elemental concentration in the atmospheric particulate matter: a comprehensive review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2022 Apr;194(4):243.
3. Tsakas MP, Siskos AP, Siskos PA. Indoor air pollutants and the impact on human health. Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality. 2011 Jul 27:447-84.
4. Ahmed Abdul–Wahab SA, En SCF, Elkamel A, Ahmadi L, Yetilmezsoy K. A review of standards and guidelines set by international bodies for the parameters of indoor air quality. Atmos Pollut Res [Internet]. 2015;6(5):751–67. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5094/APR.2015.084
5. Chaloulakou A, Mavroidis I, Duci A. Indoor and outdoor carbon monoxide concentration relationships at different microenvironments in the Athens area. Chemosphere. 2003;52(6):1007–19.
6. Frontczak M, Wargocki P. Literature survey on how different factors influence human comfort in indoor environments. Build Environ [Internet]. 2011;46(4):922–37. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.10.021
7. Sahu V, Gurjar BR. Spatial and seasonal variation of air quality in different microenvironments of a technical university in India. Build Environ [Internet]. 2020;185(July):107310. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107310
8. Idris SA, Hanafiah MM, Ismail M, Abdullah S, Khan MF. Laboratory air quality and microbiological contamination in a university building. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2020 Jul;13:1-9.
9. Kankaria A, Nongkynrih B, Gupta SK. Indoor air pollution in India: Implications on health and its control. Indian J Community Med. 2014;39(4):203–7.
10. Daisey JM, Angell WJ, Apte MG. Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor air. 2003 Jul 1;13(1).
11. Ramprasad V, Subbaiyan G. Perceived indoor environmental quality of classrooms and outcomes: a study of a higher education institution in India. Architectural Engineering and Design Management. 2017 May 4;13(3):202-22.
12. Argunhan Z, Avci AS. Statistical Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality Parameters in Classrooms of a University. Adv Meteorol. 2018;2018.
13. Goyal R, Khare M. Indoor Air Quality: Current Status, Missing Links and Future Road Map for India. J Civ Environ Eng. 2012;02(04).
14. Singh D, Kumar A, Kumar K, Singh B, Mina U, Singh BB, et al. Statistical modeling of O3, NOx, CO, PM2.5, VOCs and noise levels in commercial complex and associated health risk assessment in an academic institution. Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2016;572(x):586–94. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.086
15. Paleologos KE, Selim MYE, Mohamed A mohsen O. Chapter 8-Indoor air quality: pollutants, health effects, and regulations. Pollution Assessment for Sustainable Practices in Applied Sciences and Engineering. Elsevier Inc.; 2021. 405–489 p.
16. Morawska L, He C, Hitchins J, Mengersen K, Gilbert D. Characteristics of particle number and mass concentrations in residential houses in Brisbane, Australia. Atmospheric Environment. 2003 Sep 1;37(30):4195-203.
17. Kleeman MJ, Schauer JJ, Cass GR. Size and composition distribution of fine particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles. Environ Sci Technol. 2000;34(7):1132–42.
18. Hussein T, Korhonen H, Herrmann E, Hämeri K, Lehtinen KEJ, Kulmala M. Emission rates due to indoor activities: Indoor aerosol model development, evaluation, and applications. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2005;39(11):1111–27.
19. Goyal R, Kumar P. Indoor-outdoor concentrations of particulate matter in nine microenvironments of a mix-use commercial building in megacity Delhi. Air Qual Atmos Heal. 2013;6(4):747–57.
20. Turner PD. Indoor Air Quality Guidelines for Pennsylvania Schools. Paper [Internet]. 1997;(1):12. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED417056
21. Vilčeková S, Apostoloski IZ, Mečiarová Ľ, Krídlová Burdová E, Kiseľák J. Investigation of indoor air quality in houses of Macedonia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017 Jan;14(1):37.
22. Almeida SM, Canha N, Silva A, Do Carmo Freitas M, Pegas P, Alves C, et al. Children exposure to atmospheric particles in indoor of Lisbon primary schools. Atmos Environ. 2011;45(40):7594–9.
23. Sahu V, Gurjar BR. Spatio-temporal variations of indoor air quality in a university library. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2021 Jul 4;31(5):475-90.
24. Lin CC, Peng CK. Characterization of indoor PM10, PM2.5, and ultrafine particles in elementary school classrooms: A review. Environ Eng Sci. 2010;27(11):915–22.
25. Braniš M, Řezáčová P, Domasová M. The effect of outdoor air and indoor human activity on mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in a classroom. Environ Res. 2005;99(2):143–9.
26. Bayer CW, Crow SA. Causes of Indoor Air Quality Problems in Schools: Summary of Scientific Research. 1999.
27. McLeod RS, Mathew M, Salman D, Thomas CL. An investigation of indoor air quality in a recently refurbished educational building. Frontiers in Built Environment. 2022 Jan 7;7:769761.
28. Tomar AS, Agarwal AK. Monitoring of Concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in Indoor Air in the Laboratories of a Technical Institute. 2021;6(11):85–9.
29. Gemenetzis P, Moussas P, Arditsoglou A, Samara C. Mass concentration and elemental composition of indoor PM2.5 and PM10 in University rooms in Thessaloniki, northern Greece. Atmos Environ. 2006;40(17):3195–206.
30. Stamatelopoulou A, Asimakopoulos DN, Maggos T. Effects of PM, TVOCs and comfort parameters on indoor air quality of residences with young children. Build Environ. 2019;150(September 2018):233–44.
31. Yang J, Nam I, Yun H, Kim J, Oh HJ, Lee D, et al. Characteristics of indoor air quality at urban elementary schools in Seoul, Korea: Assessment of effect of surrounding environments. Atmos Pollut Res [Internet]. 2015;6(6):1113–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2015.06.009
32. Bjørn E, Nielsen P V. Dispersal of exhaled air and personal exposure in displacement ventilated rooms. Indoor Air. 2002;12(3):147–64.
33. Goyal R, Khare M. Indoor-outdoor concentrations of RSPM in classroom of a naturally ventilated school building near an urban traffic roadway. Atmos Environ. 2009;43(38):6026–38.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 2 (2024): Spring 2024 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v9i2.15921 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Indoor air quality (IAQ Indoor air pollutants (IAPs) Cluster analysis Correlation analysis Descriptive statistics | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Agarwal AK, Tomar A, Rajput J, Trivedi M. Data analysis of indoor air pollutants in the laboratories of an Indian engineering institute. JAPH. 2024;9(2):141-156.
