Impact of cotton dust, endotoxin exposure, and other occupational health risk due to indoor pollutants on textile industry workers in low and middle-income countries
-
Shankar Subramaniam
,
Naveenkumar Raju
,
Abbas Ganesan
,
Nithyaprakash Rajavel
,
Maheswari Chenniappan
,
Albert Alexander Stonier
,
Chander Prakash
,
Alokesh Pramanik
,
Animesh Kumar Basak
Abstract
The textile industry consists of several units that engage different processes namely ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing, and several other processes which required for converting raw cotton fiber into finished fabrics. Exposure to cotton dust, endotoxin, chemicals, noise, and musculoskeletal disorders causes several health-related hazards to textile workers. This review article aims to study the health issues due to various risk factors associated with the working environment in detail and its impacts on workers' health. This review article also reports dust and endotoxin concentrations in indoor environments of textile industries, as well as discusses the association between workplace exposure to cotton dust, endotoxin, and the prevalence of respiratory disorders. In this review, the focus is also given to the prevalence of indoor pollutants like Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Formaldehyde (HCHO) in the workplace and its effects on human health. The study expands to other aspects that influence human comfort and health during working hours like occupational noise, musculoskeletal disorders, and eyesight problems. In addition, the advanced technologies for monitoring indoor air quality for control and reduction of pollutants indoor environment the current regulatory limits of cotton dust and indoor pollutants, and suggestions to enhance the occupational safety and health conditions in textile sectors are also pointed out. In conclusion, the current study stresses the need to regulate and apply international standards in the textile sector to prevent short- and long-term occupational illness.
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4. Al-Tohamy R, Ali SS, Li F, Okasha KM, Mahmoud YA-G, Elsamahy T, et al. A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2022;231:113160.
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6. Roy PP, Manjula S, Siddhartha K, Sudhakar K. Comparative study of pulmonary function in human beings exposed to cotton fiber and non-exposed human beings. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol. 2019;6(1):98-102.
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8. Khan M, Muhmood K, Noureen S, Mahmood HZ, Amir-ud-Din R. Epidemiology of respiratory diseases and associated factors among female textile workers in Pakistan. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2022;28(1):184-98.
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11. Subramaniam S, Ganesan A, Raju N, Prakash C. Investigation of indoor air quality and pulmonary function status among power loom industry workers in Tamil Nadu, South India. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2023:1-16.
12. Jannet J, Jeyanthi G. Pulmonary health status of ginning factory women laborers in Tirupur, India. Indian journal of Occupational and Environmental medicine. 2006;10(3):116-20.
13. Dube KJ, Ingale LT, Ingle ST. Respiratory impairment in cotton-ginning workers exposed to cotton dust. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics. 2013;19(4):551-60.
14. Boubopoulos NJ, Constandinidis TC, Froudarakis ME, Bouros D. Reduction in cotton dust concentration does not totally eliminate respiratory health hazards: the Greek study. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 2010;26(10):701-7.
15. Mohammed AA, El-Lassy RBM, Kasem FK. Prevalence and determinants of respiratory problems among workers in El-Beheira Textile Companies. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal. 2017;5(11):1-10.
16. Kammoolkon R, Taneepanichskul N, Taneepanichskul S. Respiratory symptoms and their association with exposure to respiratory dust among indigo-dyed cotton workers. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2022;77(5):356-61.
17. Lordko U, Grisanaputi W. Models for Improving the Management of Indigo Weaving Groups under the Concept of Social Enterprise. Journal of Mekong Societies. 2023;19(1):68-85.
18. Derso Y, Dagnew B, Akalu Y, Getu AA, Getnet M, Yeshaw Y. Pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and associated factors among cotton-ginning workers at Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. 2021;13(5):140.
19. Mwelange L, Mamuya S, Sakwari G. Dust exposure and byssinosis among cotton textile workers in Dar ES Salaam, Tanzania. MOJ Public Health. 2020;9(6):217-21.
20. Ghani N, Khalid A, Tahir A. Cross-sectional study on the endotoxin exposure and lung function impairment in the workers of textile industry near Lahore, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016;66(7):803-14.
21. Zhao C-N, Xu Z, Wu G-C, Mao Y-M, Liu L-N, Dan Y-L, et al. Emerging role of air pollution in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity reviews. 2019;18(6):607-14.
22. Otelea MR, Arghir OC, Zugravu C, Naghi E, Antoniu S, Rascu A. Lung function and quality of life in workers with chemical and dust exposure. Rev Chim. 2018;69(2):346-9.
23. Xing Y-F, Xu Y-H, Shi M-H, Lian Y-X. The impact of PM2. 5 on the human respiratory system. Journal of thoracic disease. 2016;8(1):E69.
24. Subramaniam S, Raju N, Ganesan A, Rajavel N, Chenniappan M, Prakash C, et al. Artificial Intelligence technologies for forecasting air pollution and human health: a narrative review. Sustainability. 2022;14(16):9951.
25. Suryadi I, Nugraha AP, Fitriani N, Rachmawati S. The Determinant of Lung Function Disorders of The Textile Industry Spinning Section. Kemas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2022;17(4):475-82.
26. Berlian AI, Setiani O, Sulistiyani S, Raharjo M, Darundiati YH. The Relationship of Dust Exposure with Respiratory Disorders Symptoms Among Textile Industry Workers. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2023;24(3).
27. Moen BE, Nyarubeli IP, Tungu AM, Ngowi AV, Kumie A, Deressa W, et al. The challenge of obtaining a decent work environment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa and the sustainable development goals. 2020:155-64.
28. Elshaer N, Foda N, Shehata S. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function impairment among textile industry workers in Alexandria, Egypt. Journal of Public Health in Africa. 2023;14(10).
29. Oo TW, Thandar M, Htun YM, Soe PP, Lwin TZ, Tun KM, et al. Assessment of respiratory dust exposure and lung functions among workers in textile mill (Thamine), Myanmar: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health. 2021;21(1):1-10.
30. Ahmad A, Kalsoom S, Naseem A, Humayun A. Prevalence and Socio-demographic Distribution of Respiratory Diseases among Textile Industry workers in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences. 2022;42(1):211-21.
31. Tefera Y, Schlünssen V, Kumie A, Deressa W, Moen BE, Bråtveit M. Personal inhalable dust and endotoxin exposure among workers in an integrated textile factory. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2020;75(7):415-21.
32. Chadha S, Kundu D, Sagili K, Das A. Byssinosis and tuberculosis amongst “home-based” powerloom workers in Madhya Pradesh State, India. indian journal of tuberculosis. 2019;66(3):407-10.
33. Ali NA, Nafees AA, Fatmi Z, Azam SI. Dose-response of cotton dust exposure with lung function among textile workers: MultiTex Study in Karachi, Pakistan. The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2018;9(3):120.
34. Prasad SK, Singh S, Bose A, Prasad B, Banerjee O, Bhattacharjee A, et al. Association between duration of coal dust exposure and respiratory impairment in coal miners of West Bengal, India. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2021;27(3):794-804.
35. Yoda Y, Tamura K, Otani N, Hasunuma H, Nakayama SF, Shima M. Reduction in Indoor Airborne Endotoxin Concentration by the Use of Air Purifier and Its Relationship with Respiratory Health: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study. Atmosphere. 2021;12(11):1523.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 1 (2024): Winter 2024 | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v9i1.15080 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cotton dust; Endotoxin; Health risks; Indoor air quality; Textile industry | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Subramaniam S, Raju N, Ganesan A, Rajavel N, Chenniappan M, Stonier AA, Prakash C, Pramanik A, Basak AK. Impact of cotton dust, endotoxin exposure, and other occupational health risk due to indoor pollutants on textile industry workers in low and middle-income countries. JAPH. 2024;9(1):75-96.
