Impact of roof shape on indoor gaseous pollutant level for natural ventilation buildings in a street canyon: Numerical simulation
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Abstract
Introduction: Coupling the indoor and outdoor airflow of roadside buildings in a street canyon, the impact of flat and triangular roofs on indoor air pollutant concentration and ventilation rates of naturally ventilated buildings is studied using numerical simulation methods.
Materials and methods: The flow and pollutant diffusion control equations are solved by using ANSYS Fluent. In simulation, RNG k-ε turbulence model is adopted. The numerical model is validated using the three-dimensional street canyon test data from the wind tunnel experiment at University of Karlsruhe.
Results: The flow and pollutant concentration distributions under different roof shapes are obtained. The ventilation rates with different air flow resistances and pollution level indoors are provided.
Conclusion: Ventilation direction through windows of roadside buildings determines the level of indoor air polluted by vehicle emissions in street canyon. When the building main height equals to the width of the street, flat roofs make the indoor concentration basically consistent with that near the external walls of the canyon. The higher the triangular roofs, the higher the ventilation rate and the lower the indoor concentration. The ventilation rate is influenced not only by roofs, but also by the floor location and indoor ventilation resistance.
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27. Zheng X, Yang J. CFD simulations of wind flow and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon with traffic flow: Comparison between RANS and LES. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Dec 1;75:103307.
28. Vardoulakis S, Fisher BE, Pericleous K, Gonzalez-Flesca N. Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric environment. 2003 Jan 1;37(2):155-82.
29. Xie X, Huang Z, Wang JS. Impact of building configuration on air quality in street canyon. Atmospheric Environment. 2005 Aug 1;39(25):4519-30.
30. Huang Y, Hu X, Zeng N. Impact of wedge-shaped roofs on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside urban street canyons. Building and Environment. 2009 Dec 1;44(12):2335-47.
31. Kastner-Klein P, Plate EJ. Wind-tunnel study of concentration fields in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment. 1999 Oct 1;33(24-25):3973-9.
32. Baik JJ, Kwak KH, Park SB, Ryu YH. Effects of building roof greening on air quality in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Dec 1;61:48-55.
33. Tominaga Y, Mochida A, Yoshie R, Kataoka H, Nozu T, Yoshikawa M, Shirasawa T. AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics. 2008 Oct 1;96(10-11):1749-61.
34. Meroney RN, Pavageau M, Rafailidis S, Schatzmann M. Study of line source characteristics for 2-D physical modelling of pollutant dispersion in street canyons. Journal of wind Engineering and industrial Aerodynamics. 1996 Aug 1;62(1):37-56.
35. Xiaomin X, Zhen H, Jiasong W. The impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment. Building and Environment. 2006 Oct 1;41(10):1352-63.
36. Sini JF, Anquetin S, Mestayer PG. Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons. Atmospheric environment. 1996 Aug 1;30(15):2659-77.
37. Jeong SJ, Andrews MJ. Application of the k–ε turbulence model to the high Reynolds number skimming flow field of an urban street canyon. Atmospheric environment. 2002 Mar 1;36(7):1137-45.
2. Zhong HY, Sun Y, Shang J, Qian FP, Zhao FY, Kikumoto H, Jimenez-Bescos C, Liu X. Single-sided natural ventilation in buildings: a critical literature review. Building and Environment. 2022 Mar 15;212:108797.
3. Li H, Huang W, Qian Y, Klemeš JJ. Air pollution risk assessment related to fossil fuel-driven vehicles in megacities in China by employing the Bayesian network coupled with the Fault Tree method. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2023 Jan 10;383:135458.
4. Ai ZT, Mak CM. From street canyon microclimate to indoor environmental quality in naturally ventilated urban buildings: Issues and possibilities for improvement. Building and environment. 2015 Dec 1;94:489-503.
5. MOEEP (Ministry of Ecology and Environment Protection of China). China Vehicle Emission Control Annual Report. Beijing, China. 2014-2019. Available from: https://www.mee.gov.cn/h jzl/sthjzk/ydyhjgl/.
6. Wang J, Huo Q, Zhang T, Wang S, Battaglia F. Numerical investigation of gaseous pollutant cross-transmission for single-sided natural ventilation driven by buoyancy and wind. Building and Environment. 2020 Apr 1;172:106705.
7. Yang F, Gao Y, Zhong K, Kang Y. Impacts of cross-ventilation on the air quality in street canyons with different building arrangements. Building and Environment. 2016 Aug 1;104:1-2.
8. Yang F, Kang Y, Gao Y, Zhong K. Numerical simulations of the effect of outdoor pollutants on indoor air quality of buildings next to a street canyon. Building and Environment. 2015 May 1;87:10-22.
9. Abhijith KV, Kukadia V, Kumar P. Investigation of air pollution mitigation measures, ventilation, and indoor air quality at three schools in London. Atmospheric Environment. 2022 Nov 15;289:119303.
10. Zhou F, Niu M, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Wu Y, Zhu T, Shen F. Impact of outdoor air on indoor airborne microbiome under hazy air pollution: A case study in winter Beijing. Journal of Aerosol Science. 2021 Aug 1;156:105798.
11. Ji W, Zhao K, Zhao B. The trend of natural ventilation potential in 74 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2019: Impact of air pollution and climate change. Building and Environment. 2022 Jun 15;218:109146.
12. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects 2018-Highlights. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. 2019.
13. Tominaga Y, Blocken B. Wind tunnel experiments on cross-ventilation flow of a generic building with contaminant dispersion in unsheltered and sheltered conditions. Building and Environment. 2015 Oct 1;92:452-61.
14. Golubić D, Meile W, Brenn G, Kozmar H. Wind-tunnel analysis of natural ventilation in a generic building in sheltered and unsheltered conditions: Impact of Reynolds number and wind direction. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics. 2020 Dec 1;207:104388.
15. Ji L, Tan H, Kato S, Bu Z, Takahashi T. Wind tunnel investigation on influence of fluctuating wind direction on cross natural ventilation. Building and environment. 2011 Dec 1;46(12):2490-9.
16. Jiang Z, Kobayashi T, Yamanaka T, Sandberg M. A literature review of cross ventilation in buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2023 May 6:113143.
17. Park JS. Long-term field measurement on effects of wind speed and directional fluctuation on wind-driven cross ventilation in a mock-up building. Building and environment. 2013 Apr 1;62:1-8.
18. Gough H, Sato T, Halios C, Grimmond CS, Luo Z, Barlow JF, Robertson A, Hoxey R, Quinn A. Effects of variability of local winds on cross ventilation for a simplified building within a full-scale asymmetric array: Overview of the Silsoe field campaign. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2018 Apr 1;175:408-18.
19. Kobayashi T, Sandberg M, Fujita T, Lim E, Umemiya N. Numerical analysis of wind-induced natural ventilation for an isolated cubic room with two openings under small mean wind pressure difference. Building and Environment. 2022 Dec 1;226:109694.
20. Arinami Y, Akabayashi SI, Tominaga Y, Sakaguchi J. Performance evaluation of single-sided natural ventilation for generic building using large-eddy simulations: Effect of guide vanes and adjacent obstacles. Building and Environment. 2019 May 1;154:68-80.
21. Cui DJ, Mak CM, Kwok KC, Ai ZT. CFD simulation of the effect of an upstream building on the inter-unit dispersion in a multi-story building in two wind directions. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2016 Mar 1;150:31-41.
22. He L, Hang J, Wang X, Lin B, Li X, Lan G. Numerical investigations of flow and passive pollutant exposure in high-rise deep street canyons with various street aspect ratios and viaduct settings. Science of the Total Environment. 2017 Apr 15;584:189-206.
23. Takano Y, Moonen P. On the influence of roof shape on flow and dispersion in an urban street canyon. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2013 Dec 1;123:107-20.
24. Ai ZT, Mak CM. CFD simulation of flow in a long street canyon under a perpendicular wind direction: Evaluation of three computational settings. Building and Environment. 2017 Mar 1;114:293-306.
25. Ghobadi P, Nasrollahi N. Assessment of pollutant dispersion in deep street canyons under different source positions: Numerical simulation. Urban Climate. 2021 Dec 1;40:101027.
26. Hang J, Chen X, Chen G, Chen T, Lin Y, Luo Z, Zhang X, Wang Q. The influence of aspect ratios and wall heating conditions on flow and passive pollutant exposure in 2D typical street canyons. Building and Environment. 2020 Jan 15;168:106536.
27. Zheng X, Yang J. CFD simulations of wind flow and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon with traffic flow: Comparison between RANS and LES. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021 Dec 1;75:103307.
28. Vardoulakis S, Fisher BE, Pericleous K, Gonzalez-Flesca N. Modelling air quality in street canyons: a review. Atmospheric environment. 2003 Jan 1;37(2):155-82.
29. Xie X, Huang Z, Wang JS. Impact of building configuration on air quality in street canyon. Atmospheric Environment. 2005 Aug 1;39(25):4519-30.
30. Huang Y, Hu X, Zeng N. Impact of wedge-shaped roofs on airflow and pollutant dispersion inside urban street canyons. Building and Environment. 2009 Dec 1;44(12):2335-47.
31. Kastner-Klein P, Plate EJ. Wind-tunnel study of concentration fields in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment. 1999 Oct 1;33(24-25):3973-9.
32. Baik JJ, Kwak KH, Park SB, Ryu YH. Effects of building roof greening on air quality in street canyons. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Dec 1;61:48-55.
33. Tominaga Y, Mochida A, Yoshie R, Kataoka H, Nozu T, Yoshikawa M, Shirasawa T. AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics. 2008 Oct 1;96(10-11):1749-61.
34. Meroney RN, Pavageau M, Rafailidis S, Schatzmann M. Study of line source characteristics for 2-D physical modelling of pollutant dispersion in street canyons. Journal of wind Engineering and industrial Aerodynamics. 1996 Aug 1;62(1):37-56.
35. Xiaomin X, Zhen H, Jiasong W. The impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment. Building and Environment. 2006 Oct 1;41(10):1352-63.
36. Sini JF, Anquetin S, Mestayer PG. Pollutant dispersion and thermal effects in urban street canyons. Atmospheric environment. 1996 Aug 1;30(15):2659-77.
37. Jeong SJ, Andrews MJ. Application of the k–ε turbulence model to the high Reynolds number skimming flow field of an urban street canyon. Atmospheric environment. 2002 Mar 1;36(7):1137-45.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 3 (2023): Summer 2023 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v8i3.13789 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Roof shape; Street canyon; Natural ventilation; Indoor air quality; Numerical simulation | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Xie H, Zhang T. Impact of roof shape on indoor gaseous pollutant level for natural ventilation buildings in a street canyon: Numerical simulation. JAPH. 2023;8(3):339-360.
