Indoor air quality control at national-level regulations: A special case in Indonesia
-
Ahmad Gamal
,
Hisyam Yusril Hidayat
,
IGAA Maharani
,
Mardianto Natanael Wangkanusa
,
Budihardjo Budihardjo
,
Muhammad Idrus Alhamid
,
Nasruddin Nasruddin
,
Heri Hermansyah
Abstract
Introduction: While many national-level governments have worked to tighten atmospheric air quality standard, the Authors observe, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control as part of building-codes have remained understudied and not yet enforced in many national-level regulations. The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to trigger an immediate response worldwide for IAQ control. Indoor air pollutants need to be tightly regulated. International agencies have produced recommendations to cope with the pandemic, however, national level IAQ standards and building codes have been slow to adapt.
Materials and methods: IAQ regulations from various nations worldwide were studied along with the international standards: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and World Health Organization (WHO). A comprehensive review was conducted comparing the national-level building codes and regulations as legal implementation instruments. Focus group discussions were also conducted to complement preliminary findings and further analysis.
Results: Except for Indonesia, bacteria and fungi have been categorized as infectious aerosols in many national-level regulations that fare up to the international standards as indoor air pollutants with their acceptable levels. However, while they set thresholds for pollutants, their effectiveness regulating IAQ in public buildings remain unknown. It also found that there is a significant lack of national building codes in Indonesia.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic raises awareness of IAQ. The health aspect is currently being prioritized, particularly in Indonesia, where the majority of related regulations are still fragmented and prioritize energy
conservation over health. This study can inform policymakers with evidence of IAQ control and practices worldwide for applicable regulatory building and implementation, as well as for health emergency and disaster risk management.
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3. Adams MD, Requia WJ. How private vehicle use increases ambient air pollution concentrations at schools during the morning drop-off of children. Atmospheric Environment. 2017 Sep 1;165:264-73.
4. Shin HH, Parajuli RP, Gogna P, Maquiling A, Dehghani P. Pollutant-sex specific differences in respiratory hospitalization and mortality risk attributable to short-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Science of The Total Environment. 2021 Feb 10;755:143135.
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47. Bai Z, Wang Z, Zhu T, Zhang JJ. Developing indoor air quality related standards in China. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2003;2(1):55-60.
48. Chinese Standard. GB 18581-2001: Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials- limit of harmful substances of solvent coatings for woodenware. 2001. Available from: https://www.chinesestandard.net/PDF/English.aspx/GB18581-2001
49. Chinese Standard. GB 18582-2001: Indoor decorating and refurbishing materials-limit of harmful substances of interior architectural coatings. 2001. Available from: https://www.chinesestandard.net/PDF/English.aspx/GB18582-2008
50. Chinese Standard. GB 50325-2001: Code for indoor environmental pollution control of civil building engineering. 2001. Available from: https://www.chinesestandard.net/PDF/English.aspx/GB50325-2001
51. Hao J, Zhu T, Fan X. Indoor Air Pollution and Its Control in China. Indoor air pollution. 2018:145-70.
52. Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Indoor Air Quality Management Group. 2019. Available from: https://www.iaq.gov.hk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/gn_officeandpublicplace_eng-2019.pdf.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 3 (2023): Summer 2023 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v8i3.13788 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Buildings; Indoor air quality (IAQ); Pollutants; Regulations; Standards | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Gamal A, Hidayat H, Maharani I, Wangkanusa M, Budihardjo B, Alhamid M, Nasruddin N, Hermansyah H. Indoor air quality control at national-level regulations: A special case in Indonesia. JAPH. 2023;8(3):315-338.
