Carbon monoxide formation from total volatile organic compounds from the use of household spray products
,
Abstract
Introduction: Air pollutants emitted from household spray products used in our homes and offices have adverse effects on human health. The quantification and identification of emission sources of air pollutants forms a foundation for an effective indoor exposure control. This study presents the results of a fundamental study conducted to evaluate the kinetics and emission trends Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) from household spray products.
Materials and methods: Fortyfive (45) commonly used household spray products were selected for this study. The experiment was conducted in an isolated empty room of dimension (2.72×2.82×2.00) m3
with no known/significant indoor emission source(s). CO and TVOCs concentrations were measured with Aeroqual® 500 series monitor with CO and TVOCs head at 15 min, 1 h, 3 h, and 24 h, for all 45 samples of household spray products.
Results: Spontaneous second – order conversion of TVOCs to CO was observed for most of the spray products in the indoor environment. For the insecticides samples, TVOCs initial concentrations were 7.2–73±19.76 ppm which after one hour the concentrations became 1.8 – 17±7.20 ppm. CO measured initial concentration were 0 – 4±1.08 ppm which the concentration levels reduced to 0–7±2.16 ppm. TVOCs concentration was above the permissible limit set by USEPA and CO concentration for some of the air fresheners, perfume, shoe impregnation spray and hair sprays fall short the limit of 40,081.89 and 25,562.37 µg/m3 set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and World Health Organization (WHO), respectively.
Conclusion: As the concentration of TVOCs decreased as the concentration the concentration, CO increased following a second order kinetics. The result obtained will help in the development of safer products and a proper guide on how to use them in a way it will not cause harm to both the user of the product and the environment.
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3. Adeniran JA, Sonibare JA, Jimoda LA. Statistical approach for determining the effects of microclimatic parameters on household spray products aerosol deposition. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):21-8.
4. Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Abdulkadir MO, Yusuf MN, Abdulraheem KA, Adeoye BK, Sonibare JA, Du M. Evaporation rates and pollutants emission from heated cooking oils and influencing factors. Environmental Pollution. 2020 Nov 1;266:115169.
5. Huang Y, Ho SS, Ho KF, Lee SC, Gao Y, Cheng Y, Chan CS. Characterization of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in cleaning reagents and air fresheners in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment. 2011 Nov 1;45(34):6191-6.
6. Adebayo OJ, Abosede OO, Sunday FB, Ayooluwa AA, Adetayo AJ, Ademola SJ, Alaba AF. Indoor air quality level of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in a university offices. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2018 Nov;9(11):2872-82.
7. Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Oke EO. Deposition and coagulation of aerosols from household spray products. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology. 2019 Jan 1;41(1).
8. Adeniran JA, Araromi DO, Yusuf RO, Jimoda LA, Oke EO, Sonibare JA. Analytical modeling of human exposure from short-term point source releases of aerosols from household spray products. Science and Technology for the Built Environment. 2019 Jan 2;25(1):83-90.
9. WHO. Air pollution. 2021 [cited 2021 29/6/2021]; Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1.
10. USEPA. Study of Volatile Organic Compounds from Consumer and Commercial Products: Aerosol Products and Packaging Systems, Report to Congress. Emission Standards Division, North Carolina. 1995;6:EPA – 453/R – 94 – 066 – F. Available online at https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000WKYM.TXT.
11. Sharief RA. Investigation into domestic household aerosol air freshener and body spray. In23rd Annual Conference on Liquid Atomisation and Spray Systems, Brno, Czech Republic 2010.
12. Wainman T, Zhang J, Weschler CJ, Lioy PJ. Ozone and limonene in indoor air: a source of submicron particle exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000 Dec;108(12):1139-45.
13. Freed L, Wilson D. The Science of Air Fresheners Part 1: From the Product to the Air
NEPHC. 2009. Available online at https://www.powershow.com/view/1834a6-YTI5M/The_Science_of_Air_Fresheners_Part_1_From_the_Product_to_the_Air_powerpoint_ppt_presentation.
14. Destaillats H, Lunden MM, Singer BC, Coleman BK, Hodgson AT, Weschler CJ, Nazaroff WW. Indoor secondary pollutants from household product emissions in the presence of ozone: a bench-scale chamber study. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006 Jul 15;40(14):4421-8.
15. Mitsakou C, Housiadas C, Eleftheriadis K, Vratolis S, Helmis C, Asimakopoulos D. Abstract. Indoor Air. 2007 Apr;17(2):143-52.
16. Panagopoulos IK, Karayannis AN, Kassomenos P, Aravossis K. A CFD simulation study of VOC and formaldehyde indoor air pollution dispersion in an apartment as part of an indoor pollution management plan. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2011 Jun;11(6):758-62.
17. Sofian NZ, Ismail M. Indoor and outdoor relationships of respirable suspended particulate matter at primary schools in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Indoor and Built Environment. 2012 Jun;21(3):423-31.
18. Rocha CA, Silva RJ, Monzon AE, Alfonzo J. Characterization of Indoor Air Bioaerosols in an Electrical Headquarter Building. Indoor and Built Environment. 2013 Dec;22(6):910-9.
19. De Gennaro G, de Gennaro L, Mazzone A, Porcelli F, Tutino M. Indoor air quality in hair salons: Screening of volatile organic compounds and indicators based on health risk assessment. Atmospheric environment. 2014 Feb 1;83:119-26.
20. Morawska L, Allen J, Bahnfleth W, Bluyssen PM, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, Cao J, Dancer SJ, Floto A, Franchimon F, Greenhalgh T. A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection. Science. 2021 May 14;372(6543):689-91.
21. Wang S, Ang HM, Tade MO. Volatile organic compounds in indoor environment and photocatalytic oxidation: State of the art. Environment international. 2007 Jul 1;33(5):694-705.
22. Lai C, Wang Z, Qin L, Fu Y, Li B, Zhang M, Liu S, Li L, Yi H, Liu X, Zhou X. Metal-organic frameworks as burgeoning materials for the capture and sensing of indoor VOCs and radon gases. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2021 Jan 15;427:213565.
23. Attia MF, Swasy MI, Ateia M, Alexis F, Whitehead DC. Periodic mesoporous organosilica nanomaterials for rapid capture of VOCs. Chemical Communications. 2020;56(4):607-10.
24. Paciência I, Madureira J, Rufo J, Moreira A, Fernandes ED. A systematic review of evidence and implications of spatial and seasonal variations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in indoor human environments. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 2016 Feb 17;19(2):47-64.
25. Dinh TV, Kim SY, Son YS, Choi IY, Park SR, Sunwoo Y, Kim JC. Emission characteristics of VOCs emitted from consumer and commercial products and their ozone formation potential. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015 Jun;22:9345-55.
26. Ogata A, Ito D, Mizuno K, Kushiyama S, Gal A, Yamamoto T. Effect of coexisting components on aromatic decomposition in a packed-bed plasma reactor. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2002 Sep 1;236(1-2):9-15.
27. Atkinson R, Baulch DL, Cox RA, Crowley JN, Hampson RF, Hynes RG, Jenkin ME, Rossi MJ, Troe J, Subcommittee IU. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II–gas phase reactions of organic species. Atmospheric chemistry and physics. 2006 Sep 6;6(11):3625-4055.
28. Jiang B, Zheng J, Qiu S, Wu M, Zhang Q, Yan Z, Xue Q. Review on electrical discharge plasma technology for wastewater remediation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014 Jan 15;236:348-68.
29. Kim HH, Ogata A, Futamura S. Atmospheric plasma-driven catalysis for the low temperature decomposition of dilute aromatic compounds. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2005 Apr 1;38(8):1292.
30. Marotta E, Callea A, Rea M, Paradisi C. DC corona electric discharges for air pollution control. Part 1. Efficiency and products of hydrocarbon processing. Environmental science & technology. 2007 Aug 15;41(16):5862-8.
31. Vandenbroucke AM, Morent R, De Geyter N, Leys C. Non-thermal plasmas for non-catalytic and catalytic VOC abatement. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011 Nov 15;195:30-54.
32. Caress SM, Steinemann AC. Prevalence of fragrance sensitivity in the American population. Journal of environmental health. 2009;71(7):46-50. Available online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/26327879.
33. Rodgers T. Chemical Reactions Engineering 2013. Available online at https://www.studocu.com/in/document/anna-university/chemical-engineering/cre-notes/43111952.
34. Fogler, S., Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering. Fifth Edition. 2016: Pearson Education, Inc., Boston. p. 1 – 997.
35. Levenspiel O. Chemical Reaction Engineering: John Wiley & Son; 1999.
36. Schripp T, Langer S, Salthammer T. Interaction of ozone with wooden building products, treated wood samples and exotic wood species. Atmospheric environment. 2012 Jul 1;54:365-72. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012001793
37. Huang YT, Chen CC, Chen YK, Chiang CM, Lee CY. Environmental test chamber elucidation of ozone-initiated secondary pollutant emissions from painted wooden panels in buildings. Building and Environment. 2012 Apr 1;50:135-40.
38. Perraud V, Bruns EA, Ezell MJ, Johnson SN, Yu Y, Alexander ML, Zelenyuk A, Imre D, Chang WL, Dabdub D, Pankow JF. Nonequilibrium atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012 Feb 21;109(8):2836-41.
39. Forester CD, Ham JE, Wells JR. Gas‐phase chemistry of dihydromyrcenol with ozone and OH radical: rate constants and products. International journal of chemical kinetics. 2006 Jul;38(7):451-63.
40. Forester CD, Ham JE, Wells JR. β-Ionone reactions with ozone and OH radical: Rate constants and gas-phase products. Atmospheric Environment. 2007 Dec 1;41(38):8758-71. Available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007006784.
41. Alshaer FI, Albaharna DF, Ahmed HO, Anas MG, AlJassmi JM. Qualitative Analysis of Air Freshener Spray. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2019:1-15. Available online at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2019/9316707/abs/.
42. Nematollahi N, Kolev SD, Steinemann A. Volatile chemical emissions from 134 common consumer products. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2019 Nov;12:1259-65. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00754-0
43. Steinemann AC, MacGregor IC, Gordon SM, Gallagher LG, Davis AL, Ribeiro DS, Wallace LA. Fragranced consumer products: chemicals emitted, ingredients unlisted. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2011 Apr 1;31(3):328-33. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925510001125.
2. Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Mustapha SI, Sonibare JA. Exposure to total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) from household spray products. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management. 2017 Dec 22;73(4):21-30.
3. Adeniran JA, Sonibare JA, Jimoda LA. Statistical approach for determining the effects of microclimatic parameters on household spray products aerosol deposition. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):21-8.
4. Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Abdulkadir MO, Yusuf MN, Abdulraheem KA, Adeoye BK, Sonibare JA, Du M. Evaporation rates and pollutants emission from heated cooking oils and influencing factors. Environmental Pollution. 2020 Nov 1;266:115169.
5. Huang Y, Ho SS, Ho KF, Lee SC, Gao Y, Cheng Y, Chan CS. Characterization of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in cleaning reagents and air fresheners in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment. 2011 Nov 1;45(34):6191-6.
6. Adebayo OJ, Abosede OO, Sunday FB, Ayooluwa AA, Adetayo AJ, Ademola SJ, Alaba AF. Indoor air quality level of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in a university offices. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology. 2018 Nov;9(11):2872-82.
7. Adeniran JA, Yusuf RO, Oke EO. Deposition and coagulation of aerosols from household spray products. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology. 2019 Jan 1;41(1).
8. Adeniran JA, Araromi DO, Yusuf RO, Jimoda LA, Oke EO, Sonibare JA. Analytical modeling of human exposure from short-term point source releases of aerosols from household spray products. Science and Technology for the Built Environment. 2019 Jan 2;25(1):83-90.
9. WHO. Air pollution. 2021 [cited 2021 29/6/2021]; Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1.
10. USEPA. Study of Volatile Organic Compounds from Consumer and Commercial Products: Aerosol Products and Packaging Systems, Report to Congress. Emission Standards Division, North Carolina. 1995;6:EPA – 453/R – 94 – 066 – F. Available online at https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000WKYM.TXT.
11. Sharief RA. Investigation into domestic household aerosol air freshener and body spray. In23rd Annual Conference on Liquid Atomisation and Spray Systems, Brno, Czech Republic 2010.
12. Wainman T, Zhang J, Weschler CJ, Lioy PJ. Ozone and limonene in indoor air: a source of submicron particle exposure. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2000 Dec;108(12):1139-45.
13. Freed L, Wilson D. The Science of Air Fresheners Part 1: From the Product to the Air
NEPHC. 2009. Available online at https://www.powershow.com/view/1834a6-YTI5M/The_Science_of_Air_Fresheners_Part_1_From_the_Product_to_the_Air_powerpoint_ppt_presentation.
14. Destaillats H, Lunden MM, Singer BC, Coleman BK, Hodgson AT, Weschler CJ, Nazaroff WW. Indoor secondary pollutants from household product emissions in the presence of ozone: a bench-scale chamber study. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006 Jul 15;40(14):4421-8.
15. Mitsakou C, Housiadas C, Eleftheriadis K, Vratolis S, Helmis C, Asimakopoulos D. Abstract. Indoor Air. 2007 Apr;17(2):143-52.
16. Panagopoulos IK, Karayannis AN, Kassomenos P, Aravossis K. A CFD simulation study of VOC and formaldehyde indoor air pollution dispersion in an apartment as part of an indoor pollution management plan. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2011 Jun;11(6):758-62.
17. Sofian NZ, Ismail M. Indoor and outdoor relationships of respirable suspended particulate matter at primary schools in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Indoor and Built Environment. 2012 Jun;21(3):423-31.
18. Rocha CA, Silva RJ, Monzon AE, Alfonzo J. Characterization of Indoor Air Bioaerosols in an Electrical Headquarter Building. Indoor and Built Environment. 2013 Dec;22(6):910-9.
19. De Gennaro G, de Gennaro L, Mazzone A, Porcelli F, Tutino M. Indoor air quality in hair salons: Screening of volatile organic compounds and indicators based on health risk assessment. Atmospheric environment. 2014 Feb 1;83:119-26.
20. Morawska L, Allen J, Bahnfleth W, Bluyssen PM, Boerstra A, Buonanno G, Cao J, Dancer SJ, Floto A, Franchimon F, Greenhalgh T. A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection. Science. 2021 May 14;372(6543):689-91.
21. Wang S, Ang HM, Tade MO. Volatile organic compounds in indoor environment and photocatalytic oxidation: State of the art. Environment international. 2007 Jul 1;33(5):694-705.
22. Lai C, Wang Z, Qin L, Fu Y, Li B, Zhang M, Liu S, Li L, Yi H, Liu X, Zhou X. Metal-organic frameworks as burgeoning materials for the capture and sensing of indoor VOCs and radon gases. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2021 Jan 15;427:213565.
23. Attia MF, Swasy MI, Ateia M, Alexis F, Whitehead DC. Periodic mesoporous organosilica nanomaterials for rapid capture of VOCs. Chemical Communications. 2020;56(4):607-10.
24. Paciência I, Madureira J, Rufo J, Moreira A, Fernandes ED. A systematic review of evidence and implications of spatial and seasonal variations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in indoor human environments. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 2016 Feb 17;19(2):47-64.
25. Dinh TV, Kim SY, Son YS, Choi IY, Park SR, Sunwoo Y, Kim JC. Emission characteristics of VOCs emitted from consumer and commercial products and their ozone formation potential. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2015 Jun;22:9345-55.
26. Ogata A, Ito D, Mizuno K, Kushiyama S, Gal A, Yamamoto T. Effect of coexisting components on aromatic decomposition in a packed-bed plasma reactor. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2002 Sep 1;236(1-2):9-15.
27. Atkinson R, Baulch DL, Cox RA, Crowley JN, Hampson RF, Hynes RG, Jenkin ME, Rossi MJ, Troe J, Subcommittee IU. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II–gas phase reactions of organic species. Atmospheric chemistry and physics. 2006 Sep 6;6(11):3625-4055.
28. Jiang B, Zheng J, Qiu S, Wu M, Zhang Q, Yan Z, Xue Q. Review on electrical discharge plasma technology for wastewater remediation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014 Jan 15;236:348-68.
29. Kim HH, Ogata A, Futamura S. Atmospheric plasma-driven catalysis for the low temperature decomposition of dilute aromatic compounds. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2005 Apr 1;38(8):1292.
30. Marotta E, Callea A, Rea M, Paradisi C. DC corona electric discharges for air pollution control. Part 1. Efficiency and products of hydrocarbon processing. Environmental science & technology. 2007 Aug 15;41(16):5862-8.
31. Vandenbroucke AM, Morent R, De Geyter N, Leys C. Non-thermal plasmas for non-catalytic and catalytic VOC abatement. Journal of hazardous materials. 2011 Nov 15;195:30-54.
32. Caress SM, Steinemann AC. Prevalence of fragrance sensitivity in the American population. Journal of environmental health. 2009;71(7):46-50. Available online at https://www.jstor.org/stable/26327879.
33. Rodgers T. Chemical Reactions Engineering 2013. Available online at https://www.studocu.com/in/document/anna-university/chemical-engineering/cre-notes/43111952.
34. Fogler, S., Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering. Fifth Edition. 2016: Pearson Education, Inc., Boston. p. 1 – 997.
35. Levenspiel O. Chemical Reaction Engineering: John Wiley & Son; 1999.
36. Schripp T, Langer S, Salthammer T. Interaction of ozone with wooden building products, treated wood samples and exotic wood species. Atmospheric environment. 2012 Jul 1;54:365-72. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231012001793
37. Huang YT, Chen CC, Chen YK, Chiang CM, Lee CY. Environmental test chamber elucidation of ozone-initiated secondary pollutant emissions from painted wooden panels in buildings. Building and Environment. 2012 Apr 1;50:135-40.
38. Perraud V, Bruns EA, Ezell MJ, Johnson SN, Yu Y, Alexander ML, Zelenyuk A, Imre D, Chang WL, Dabdub D, Pankow JF. Nonequilibrium atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation and growth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012 Feb 21;109(8):2836-41.
39. Forester CD, Ham JE, Wells JR. Gas‐phase chemistry of dihydromyrcenol with ozone and OH radical: rate constants and products. International journal of chemical kinetics. 2006 Jul;38(7):451-63.
40. Forester CD, Ham JE, Wells JR. β-Ionone reactions with ozone and OH radical: Rate constants and gas-phase products. Atmospheric Environment. 2007 Dec 1;41(38):8758-71. Available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007006784.
41. Alshaer FI, Albaharna DF, Ahmed HO, Anas MG, AlJassmi JM. Qualitative Analysis of Air Freshener Spray. Journal of Environmental and Public Health. 2019:1-15. Available online at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jeph/2019/9316707/abs/.
42. Nematollahi N, Kolev SD, Steinemann A. Volatile chemical emissions from 134 common consumer products. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 2019 Nov;12:1259-65. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-019-00754-0
43. Steinemann AC, MacGregor IC, Gordon SM, Gallagher LG, Davis AL, Ribeiro DS, Wallace LA. Fragranced consumer products: chemicals emitted, ingredients unlisted. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2011 Apr 1;31(3):328-33. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195925510001125.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 3 (2023): Summer 2023 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v8i3.13790 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Household spray products; Kinetics; Trend; Carbon monoxide (CO); Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Adeniran J, Atanda A. Carbon monoxide formation from total volatile organic compounds from the use of household spray products. JAPH. 2023;8(3):361-380.
