Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers and liver enzyme activity in workers occupationally exposed to respirable free crystalline silica
-
Ali Poormohammadi
,
Elaheh Talebi Ghane
,
Effat Sadat Mir Moeini
,
Saeed Bashirian
,
Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi
,
Fereshteh Mehri
Abstract
Introduction: In various mining activities, workers are exposed to free Crystalline Silica (CS), which can cause the constant production of reactive oxygen species and silicosis. This research was conducted to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers and liver tissue function in workers occupationally exposed to CS during their activities.
Materials and methods: In this study, the biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated in 40 workers in silica mines of Azandarian region (Hamadan province, Iran) with occupational exposure to CS, as the case group and 40 workers without any silica-exposure as controls.
Results: A significant higher serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) were observed in the silica-exposed group compared to the controls. Moreover, in the serum of the silica-exposed cases, the total antioxidant capacity was lower than that of the control group. Based on findings chronic exposure to CS can obviously affect the serum levels of oxidative stress biomarker and liver tissue function in the exposed workers.
Conclusion: Therefore, the use of suitable face mask and different dietary antioxidants are recommended in the silica-exposed workers for the reduction of oxidative stress production and prevention of liver tissue disorders.
1. Mehri F, Jenabi E, Bashirian S, Shahna FG,
Khazaei S. The association between occupational
exposure to silica and risk of developing
rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Safety and
Health at Work. 2020 Jun 1;11(2):136-42.
2. Esfahani M, Bashirian S, Mehri F, Khazaei
S. Association between Silica Exposure and
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A MetaAnalysis. The Journal of Tehran University Heart
Center. 2020 Oct;15(4):151.
3. Poormohammadi A, Moeini ES, Assari MJ,
Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Abdulahi M, Azarian G,
Mehri F. Risk assessment of workers exposed
to respirable crystalline silica in silica crushing
units in Azandarian industrial zone, Hamadan,
Iran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health.
2021;6(3):225-32.
4. Huang X. Iron, oxidative stress, and cell
signaling in the pathogeneses of coal workers’
pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and asbestosis. Am J
Biomed Sci. 2011 Apr 1;3(2):95-106.
5. Farokhzad M, Ranjbar A, Kheiripour N,
Soltanian A, Assari MJ. Potential in the diagnosis
of oxidative stress biomarkers in noninvasive
samples of urine and saliva and comparison with
serum of persons exposed to crystalline silica.
International Archives of Health Sciences. 2020
Apr 1;7(2):84.
6. Peruzzi C, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Nardi J,
Sauer E, Göethel G, Cestonaro L, Fão N, Cattani
S, Paim C, Souza J. Inflammatory and oxidative
stress biomarkers at protein and molecular levels
in workers occupationally exposed to crystalline
silica. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research. 2019 Jan 21;26:1394-405.
7. Steenland K, Mannetje A, Boffetta P, Stayner
L, Attfield M, Chen J, Dosemeci M, DeKlerk
N, Hnizdo E, Koskela R, Checkoway H. Pooled
exposure–response analyses and risk assessment
for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed
workers: an IARC multicentre study. Cancer
Causes & Control. 2001 Nov;12:773-84.
8. Bakhshandeh E, Jannesari A, Ranjbar Z,
Sobhani S, Saeb MR. Anti-corrosion hybrid
coatings based on epoxy–silica nano-composites:
Toward relationship between the morphology
and EIS data. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2014
Jul 1;77(7):1169-83.
9. Nardi J, Nascimento S, Göethel G, Gauer B,
Sauer E, Fao N, Cestonaro L, Peruzzi C, Souza J, Garcia SC. Inflammatory and oxidative
stress parameters as potential early biomarkers
for silicosis. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2018 Sep
1;484:305-13.
10. Al Salhen KS. Assessment of oxidative
stress, haematological, kidney and liver function
parameters of Libyan cement factory workers.
Journal of American science. 2014;10(5):58-65..
11. Pournourmohammadi S, Khazaeli P,
Eslamizad S, Tajvar A, Mohammadirad A,
Abdollahi M. Study on the oxidative stress
status among cement plant workers. Human &
experimental toxicology. 2008 Jun;27(6):463-9.
12. Mehri F, Ranjbar A, Shirafkan N, Asl SS,
Esfahani M. The protective effect of resveratrol
on diazinon‐induced oxidative stress and glucose
hemostasis disorder in rats' liver. Journal of
Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2022
Jul;36(7):e23063.
13. Esfahani M, Rahbar AH, Soleimani Asl S,
Mehri F. Resveratrol: a panacea compound for
diazinon-induced renal toxicity. Toxin Reviews.
2021 Nov 19:1-1.
14. Hamilton Jr RF, Thakur SA, Holian A. Silica
binding and toxicity in alveolar macrophages.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008 Apr
1;44(7):1246-58.
15. Mojiminiyi FB, Merenu IA, Ibrahim MT,
Njoku CH. The effect of cement dust exposure
on haematological and liver function parameters
of cement factory workers in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences.
2008;23(1-2).
16. Cohen SS, Sadoff MM, Jiang X, Fryzek
JP, Garabrant DH. A review and meta-analysis
of cancer risks in relation to Portland cement
exposure. Occupational and environmental
medicine. 2014 Nov 1;71(11):796-802.
17. Malekirad AA, Rahzani K, Ahmadi M,
Rezaei M, Abdollahi M, Shahrjerdi S, Roostaie
A, Mohajerani HR, Boland Nazar NS, Torfi F,
Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of oxidative
stress, blood parameters, and neurocognitive
status in cement factory workers. Toxin Reviews.
2021 Oct 2;40(4):1128-34.
18. Hemmati AA, Nazari Z, Samei M. A
comparative study of grape seed extract and
vitamin E effects on silica-induced pulmonary
fibrosis in rats. Pulmonary pharmacology &
therapeutics. 2008 Aug 1;21(4):668-74.
19. Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J.
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving
from studies of ultrafine particles. Environmental
health perspectives. 2005 Jul;113(7):823-39.
20. Kim WR, Flamm SL, Di Bisceglie AM,
Bodenheimer HC. Serum activity of alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of health
and disease. Hepatology. 2008 Apr 1;47(4):1363-
70.
21. Thapa BR, Walia A. Liver function tests
and their interpretation. The Indian Journal of
Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;74:663-71.
22. Torkadi PP, Apte IC, Bhute AK. Biochemical
evaluation of patients of alcoholic liver disease
and non-alcoholic liver disease. Indian journal of
clinical biochemistry. 2014 Jan;29:79-83.
23. Rahman K. Studies on free radicals,
antioxidants, and co-factors. Clinical interventions
in aging. 2007 Jan 1;2(2):219-36.
24. Mehri F, Faizi M, Salimi A, Seydi E,
Pourahmad J. Toxicity of 4-methylimidazole on
isolated brain mitochondria: using both in vivo and
in vitro methods. Toxicological & Environmental
Chemistry. 2015 May 28;97(5):663-73.
25. Mossman BT. Serial review: Role of reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in lung
injury and diseases. Free Radical Biology and
Medicine. 2003;34:1130-5.
26. Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Kumar S, Siddiqui
H, Patil G, Ashquin M, Ahmad I. Nanotoxicity of pure silica mediated through oxidant generation
rather than glutathione depletion in human
lung epithelial cells. Toxicology. 2010 Oct
9;276(2):95-102.
27. Pi J, Zhang Q, Fu J, Woods CG, Hou Y, Corkey
BE, Collins S, Andersen ME. ROS signaling,
oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cell
function. Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
2010 Apr 1;244(1):77-83.
28. Anlar HG, Bacanli M, İritaş S, Bal C, Kurt
T, Tutkun E, Hinc Yilmaz O, Basaran N. Effects
of occupational silica exposure on oxidative
stress and immune system parameters in ceramic
workers in Turkey. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, Part A. 2017 Aug 3;80(13-
15):688-96.
29. Azari MR, Ramazani B, Mosavian
MA, Movahadi M, Salehpour S. Serum
malondialdehyde and urinary neopterin levels in
glass sandblasters exposed to crystalline silica
aerosols. International Journal of Occupational
Hygiene. 2011;3(1):29-32.
30. Aydin S, Aral I, Kilic N, Bakan I, Aydin S,
Erman F. The level of antioxidant enzymes,
plasma vitamins C and E in cement plant workers.
Clinica chimica acta. 2004 Mar 1;341(1-2):193-
8.
31. Kamal AA, Khafif ME, Koraah S, Massoud
A, Caillard JF. Blood superoxide dismutase and
plasma malondialdehyde among workers exposed
to asbestos. American journal of industrial
medicine. 1992;21(3):353-61.
32. Chatterjee IB, Nandi A. Ascorbic acid: a
scavenger of oxyradicals. Indian journal of
biochemistry & biophysics. 1991 Aug;28(4):233-
6.
33. Khan IA, Reddy BV, Mahboob M, Rahman
MF, Jamil K. Effects of phosphorothionate on
the reproductive system of male rats. Journal of
Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2001
Jun 30;36(4):445-56.
34. Afaghi A, Oryan S, Rahzani K, Abdollahi
M. Study on genotoxicity, oxidative stress
biomarkers and clinical symptoms in workers
of an asbestos-cement factory. EXCLI journal.
2015;14:1067.
Khazaei S. The association between occupational
exposure to silica and risk of developing
rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Safety and
Health at Work. 2020 Jun 1;11(2):136-42.
2. Esfahani M, Bashirian S, Mehri F, Khazaei
S. Association between Silica Exposure and
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A MetaAnalysis. The Journal of Tehran University Heart
Center. 2020 Oct;15(4):151.
3. Poormohammadi A, Moeini ES, Assari MJ,
Khazaei S, Bashirian S, Abdulahi M, Azarian G,
Mehri F. Risk assessment of workers exposed
to respirable crystalline silica in silica crushing
units in Azandarian industrial zone, Hamadan,
Iran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health.
2021;6(3):225-32.
4. Huang X. Iron, oxidative stress, and cell
signaling in the pathogeneses of coal workers’
pneumoconiosis, silicosis, and asbestosis. Am J
Biomed Sci. 2011 Apr 1;3(2):95-106.
5. Farokhzad M, Ranjbar A, Kheiripour N,
Soltanian A, Assari MJ. Potential in the diagnosis
of oxidative stress biomarkers in noninvasive
samples of urine and saliva and comparison with
serum of persons exposed to crystalline silica.
International Archives of Health Sciences. 2020
Apr 1;7(2):84.
6. Peruzzi C, Nascimento S, Gauer B, Nardi J,
Sauer E, Göethel G, Cestonaro L, Fão N, Cattani
S, Paim C, Souza J. Inflammatory and oxidative
stress biomarkers at protein and molecular levels
in workers occupationally exposed to crystalline
silica. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research. 2019 Jan 21;26:1394-405.
7. Steenland K, Mannetje A, Boffetta P, Stayner
L, Attfield M, Chen J, Dosemeci M, DeKlerk
N, Hnizdo E, Koskela R, Checkoway H. Pooled
exposure–response analyses and risk assessment
for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed
workers: an IARC multicentre study. Cancer
Causes & Control. 2001 Nov;12:773-84.
8. Bakhshandeh E, Jannesari A, Ranjbar Z,
Sobhani S, Saeb MR. Anti-corrosion hybrid
coatings based on epoxy–silica nano-composites:
Toward relationship between the morphology
and EIS data. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2014
Jul 1;77(7):1169-83.
9. Nardi J, Nascimento S, Göethel G, Gauer B,
Sauer E, Fao N, Cestonaro L, Peruzzi C, Souza J, Garcia SC. Inflammatory and oxidative
stress parameters as potential early biomarkers
for silicosis. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2018 Sep
1;484:305-13.
10. Al Salhen KS. Assessment of oxidative
stress, haematological, kidney and liver function
parameters of Libyan cement factory workers.
Journal of American science. 2014;10(5):58-65..
11. Pournourmohammadi S, Khazaeli P,
Eslamizad S, Tajvar A, Mohammadirad A,
Abdollahi M. Study on the oxidative stress
status among cement plant workers. Human &
experimental toxicology. 2008 Jun;27(6):463-9.
12. Mehri F, Ranjbar A, Shirafkan N, Asl SS,
Esfahani M. The protective effect of resveratrol
on diazinon‐induced oxidative stress and glucose
hemostasis disorder in rats' liver. Journal of
Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2022
Jul;36(7):e23063.
13. Esfahani M, Rahbar AH, Soleimani Asl S,
Mehri F. Resveratrol: a panacea compound for
diazinon-induced renal toxicity. Toxin Reviews.
2021 Nov 19:1-1.
14. Hamilton Jr RF, Thakur SA, Holian A. Silica
binding and toxicity in alveolar macrophages.
Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2008 Apr
1;44(7):1246-58.
15. Mojiminiyi FB, Merenu IA, Ibrahim MT,
Njoku CH. The effect of cement dust exposure
on haematological and liver function parameters
of cement factory workers in Sokoto, Nigeria.
Nigerian journal of physiological sciences.
2008;23(1-2).
16. Cohen SS, Sadoff MM, Jiang X, Fryzek
JP, Garabrant DH. A review and meta-analysis
of cancer risks in relation to Portland cement
exposure. Occupational and environmental
medicine. 2014 Nov 1;71(11):796-802.
17. Malekirad AA, Rahzani K, Ahmadi M,
Rezaei M, Abdollahi M, Shahrjerdi S, Roostaie
A, Mohajerani HR, Boland Nazar NS, Torfi F,
Mousavi Khaneghah A. Evaluation of oxidative
stress, blood parameters, and neurocognitive
status in cement factory workers. Toxin Reviews.
2021 Oct 2;40(4):1128-34.
18. Hemmati AA, Nazari Z, Samei M. A
comparative study of grape seed extract and
vitamin E effects on silica-induced pulmonary
fibrosis in rats. Pulmonary pharmacology &
therapeutics. 2008 Aug 1;21(4):668-74.
19. Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J.
Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving
from studies of ultrafine particles. Environmental
health perspectives. 2005 Jul;113(7):823-39.
20. Kim WR, Flamm SL, Di Bisceglie AM,
Bodenheimer HC. Serum activity of alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) as an indicator of health
and disease. Hepatology. 2008 Apr 1;47(4):1363-
70.
21. Thapa BR, Walia A. Liver function tests
and their interpretation. The Indian Journal of
Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;74:663-71.
22. Torkadi PP, Apte IC, Bhute AK. Biochemical
evaluation of patients of alcoholic liver disease
and non-alcoholic liver disease. Indian journal of
clinical biochemistry. 2014 Jan;29:79-83.
23. Rahman K. Studies on free radicals,
antioxidants, and co-factors. Clinical interventions
in aging. 2007 Jan 1;2(2):219-36.
24. Mehri F, Faizi M, Salimi A, Seydi E,
Pourahmad J. Toxicity of 4-methylimidazole on
isolated brain mitochondria: using both in vivo and
in vitro methods. Toxicological & Environmental
Chemistry. 2015 May 28;97(5):663-73.
25. Mossman BT. Serial review: Role of reactive
oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in lung
injury and diseases. Free Radical Biology and
Medicine. 2003;34:1130-5.
26. Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Kumar S, Siddiqui
H, Patil G, Ashquin M, Ahmad I. Nanotoxicity of pure silica mediated through oxidant generation
rather than glutathione depletion in human
lung epithelial cells. Toxicology. 2010 Oct
9;276(2):95-102.
27. Pi J, Zhang Q, Fu J, Woods CG, Hou Y, Corkey
BE, Collins S, Andersen ME. ROS signaling,
oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cell
function. Toxicology and applied pharmacology.
2010 Apr 1;244(1):77-83.
28. Anlar HG, Bacanli M, İritaş S, Bal C, Kurt
T, Tutkun E, Hinc Yilmaz O, Basaran N. Effects
of occupational silica exposure on oxidative
stress and immune system parameters in ceramic
workers in Turkey. Journal of Toxicology and
Environmental Health, Part A. 2017 Aug 3;80(13-
15):688-96.
29. Azari MR, Ramazani B, Mosavian
MA, Movahadi M, Salehpour S. Serum
malondialdehyde and urinary neopterin levels in
glass sandblasters exposed to crystalline silica
aerosols. International Journal of Occupational
Hygiene. 2011;3(1):29-32.
30. Aydin S, Aral I, Kilic N, Bakan I, Aydin S,
Erman F. The level of antioxidant enzymes,
plasma vitamins C and E in cement plant workers.
Clinica chimica acta. 2004 Mar 1;341(1-2):193-
8.
31. Kamal AA, Khafif ME, Koraah S, Massoud
A, Caillard JF. Blood superoxide dismutase and
plasma malondialdehyde among workers exposed
to asbestos. American journal of industrial
medicine. 1992;21(3):353-61.
32. Chatterjee IB, Nandi A. Ascorbic acid: a
scavenger of oxyradicals. Indian journal of
biochemistry & biophysics. 1991 Aug;28(4):233-
6.
33. Khan IA, Reddy BV, Mahboob M, Rahman
MF, Jamil K. Effects of phosphorothionate on
the reproductive system of male rats. Journal of
Environmental Science and Health, Part B. 2001
Jun 30;36(4):445-56.
34. Afaghi A, Oryan S, Rahzani K, Abdollahi
M. Study on genotoxicity, oxidative stress
biomarkers and clinical symptoms in workers
of an asbestos-cement factory. EXCLI journal.
2015;14:1067.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 1 (2023): Winter 2023 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v8i1.12031 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Crystalline silica; Oxidative stress; Serum; Liver | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Poormohammadi A, Talebi Ghane E, Mir Moeini ES, Bashirian S, Motavallihaghi S, Mehri F. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers and liver enzyme activity in workers occupationally exposed to respirable free crystalline silica. JAPH. 2023;8(1):77-86.
