Spatial and temporal variation of bacterial population in ambient air particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) of Isfahan city, Iran
,
Abstract
Introduction: Airborne particles are considered as an important indicator of outdoor air quality. Many health problems have been linked to high concentrations of Particulate Matters (PMs) and their associated microorganisms. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the population of bacteria in PMs in various times and locations.
Materials and methods: The PM samples including PM2.5, PM10 and TotalSuspended Particles (TSP) were taken from 4 different stations of Isfahan city, Iran on February (cold season) and July (warm season), 2019 using an air sampling pump on culture media. The number of bacterial colonies was counted after 48 h growth in the incubator at 37 o C. The PMs concentration and some morphological characteristics of bacteria were also investigated.
Results: The highest number of bacterial colonies was in TSP followed by PM10 and PM2.5. The bacterial populations at two stations in north and east of the region in the warm season were higher than in the cold season, and the respective situation in the other two stations at south and center of the city was reversed, which seems somehow to have been the result of the PMs concentration of difference of pollution sources in various locations and seasons.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of PMs pollution especially PM2.5 (i.e. the main factor affecting the air quality of the study area) as the carrier of microbial pollution in the air which could adversely affect human health.
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gov/32498012/
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net/publication/279967317_Emission_and_Dispersion_of_Bioaerosols_from_Dairy_
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abs/pii/S1352231015305768
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article/10.1007/s10453-014-9333-7
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Mohammadi Moghadam F, Khosravi B, Hemati
L, Khoshniyat R, Kazembeigi F. The effect of
dust storm on the microbial quality of ambient
air in Sanandaj: A city located in the west of
Iran. Global Journal of Health Science. 2015;
7(5): 114-119. https://ccsenet.org/journal/
index.php/gjhs/article/view/46888
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Zareif A, Mazloomi S. Particulate matters and
bioaerosols during Middle East dust storms
events in Ilam, Iran. Microchemical Journal.
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sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S0026265X19314602.
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A, Khoder M, Awad A H, Elserougy S.
Microorganisms associated particulate matter:
a preliminary study. Science of the Total
Environment. 2014; 479: 109-116. https://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/
pii/S0048969714001685.
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Kuuspalo K, Virén A, et al. Characterization
of chemical and microbial species from sizesegregated indoor and outdoor particulate
samples. Aerosol and Air Quality Research.
2013; 13(4): 1212-1230. https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/266910205
21. Cao C, Jiang W, Wang B, Fang J, Lang
J, Tian G, et al. Inhalable microorganisms in
Beijing’s PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants during a
severe smog event. Environmental Science &
Technology. 2014; 48(3): 1499-1507. https://
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es4048472
22. National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). Bioaerosol sampling
(Indoor Air), Method 0800. NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition. 1998.
23. Colco R. Gram Staining. Current Protocols
in Microbiology. 00 (1): Appendix 3C. 2005.
24. Pascal M, Falq G, Wagner V, Chatignoux E,
Corso M, Blanchard M, Host S, Pascal L, Larrieu
S. Short-term impacts of particulate matter
(PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5) on mortality in nine
French cities. Atmospheric Environment. 2014;
95: 175-184. https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/abs/pii/S1352231014004762
25. Li Y, Lu R, Li W, Xie Z, Song Y.
Concentrations and size distributions of viable
bioaerosols under various weather conditions
in a typical semi-arid city of Northwest China.
Journal of Aerosol Science. 2017; 106: 83-92.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
abs/pii/S0021850216302907
26. Brodie EL, Desantis TZ, Parker JPZubietta IX, Piceno YM, Andersen GL.
Urban aerosols harbor diverse and dynamic
bacterial populations. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. 2007;
104(1): 299-304. https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/6617176_Urban_Aerosols_
Harbor_Diverse_and_Dynamic_Bacterial_
Populations
27. Bowers RM, Sullivan AP, Costello EK,
Collett JL, Knight R, Fierer N. Sources
of bacteria in outdoor air across cities in
the midwestern United States. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology. 2011;
77(18): 6350-6356. https://journals.asm.org/
doi/10.1128/AEM.05498-11
28. Fahlgren C, Bratbak G, Sandaa R-A,
Thyrhaug R, Zweifel UL. Diversity of airborne
bacteria in samples collected using different
devices for aerosol collection. Aerobiologia,
2011; 27(2): 107-120. https://link.springer.
com/article/10.1007/s10453-010-9181-z
29. Fang Z, Ouyang Z, Zheng H, Wang X,
Hu L. Culturable airborne bacteria in outdoor
environments in Beijing, China. Microbial
Ecology. 2007; 54(3): 487-496. https://www.
jstor.org/stable/25256220
30. Ramachandran G. Gram-positive and
gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: A
brief review. Virulence. 2014; 5(1): 213–218.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC3916377/
31. Van Teeseling MC, de Pedro MA, Cava F.
Determinants of bacterial morphology: from
fundamentals to possibilities for antimicrobial
targeting. Frontiers in microbiology. 2017; 8:1-
18.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28740487
Lee K, Tang N, et al. Chemical and biological
components of urban Aerosols in Africa: current
status and knowledge gaps. International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health. 2019; 16(6):941. https://www.mdpi.
com/1660-4601/16/6/941.
2. Schikowski T, Altug H. The role of air
pollution in cognitive impairment and decline.
Neurochemistry International. 2020; 104708.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197018620300991?via%3Dihub.
3. World Health Organization. Household
air pollution and health. 2021. Accessed [22
September 2021] Available from: https://
www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/
household-air-pollution-and-health.
4. KC R, Shukla SD, Gautam SS, Hansbro
PM The role of environmental exposure to
non-cigarette smoke in lung disease. Clinical
and Translational Medicine. 2018; 7 (39):
1-12. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/
full/10.1186/s40169-018-0217-2.
5. Shamsollahi H R, Yunesian M, Kharrazi
S, Jahanbin B, Nazmara S, Rafieian S, et al.
Characterization of persistent materials of
deposited PM2.5 in the human lung. Chemosphere
2022; 301: 134774. https://www.sciencedirect.
com/science/article/pii/S004565352201267X
6. Jaafari J, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh
R, Hassanvand MS, Shamsipour M, et al.
The acute effects of short term exposure
to particulate matter from natural and
anthropogenic sources on inflammation and
coagulation markers in healthy young adults.
Science of The Total Environment 735. 2020;
15(735):139417. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/32498012/
7. Soleimani M, Ebrahimi Z, Mirghaffari
N, Moradi H, Amini N, Poulsen K G, et al.
Seasonal trend and source identification of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated
with fine particulate matters (PM2.5) in
Isfahan city using diagnostic ration and PMF
model. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research. 2022, 29(18): 26449–26464. https://
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-
17635-8.
8. Soleimani M, Amini N, Sadeghian B, Wang
D, Fang L. Heavy metals and their source
identification in particulate matter (PM2.5) in
Isfahan City, Iran. Journal of Environmental
Sciences. 2018; 72: 166-175. https://www.
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S1001074217325421
9. Marjovvi, A.R. Soleimani, M., Mirghaffari,
N. Karimzadeh, H.R., Yuan, Y., Fang,
L. Monitoring, source identification and
environmental risk of potentially toxic
elements of dust in Isfahan Province, central
Iran. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology. 2022, 108(5): 901–908. https://
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00128-021-
03446-7.
10. Douwes J, Eduard W, Thorne P S.
Bioaerosols, Editor(s): Harald Kristian (Kris)
Heggenhougen, International Encyclopedia of
Public Health, Academic Press, 2008, Pages
287-297. https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/pii/B9780123739605002811.
11. Du P, Du R, Ren W, Lu Z, Zhang Y,
Fu P. Variations of bacteria and fungi
in PM2.5 in Beijing, China. Atmospheric
Environment. 2018; 172: 55-64. https://www.
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S1352231017307136?via%3Dihub
12. Baertsch C, Paez-Rubio T, Viau E, Peccia
J. Source tracking aerosols released from
land-applied class B biosolids during highwind events. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology. 2007; 73(14): 4522-4531.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17513591/
13. Jahne M A, Rogers S W, Holsen T M,
Grimberg S J, Ramler IP. Emission and
dispersion of bioaerosols from dairy manure
application sites: human health risk assessment.
Environmental Science & Technology. 2015;
49(16): 9842-9849. https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/279967317_Emission_and_Dispersion_of_Bioaerosols_from_Dairy_
Manure_Application_Sites_Human_Health_
Risk_Assessment
14. Jones AM, Harrison RM. The effects
of meteorological factors on atmospheric
bioaerosol concentrations—a review. Science
of the Total Environment. 2004; 326(1-3): 151-
180. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
article/abs/pii/S0048969703006752
15. Gao M, Yan X, Qiu T, Han M, Wang X.
Variation of correlations between factors
and culturable airborne bacteria and fungi.
Atmospheric Environment. 2016; 128: 10-19.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
abs/pii/S1352231015305768
16. Goudarzi Gh, Shirmardi M, Khodarahmi
F, Hashemi-Shahraki A, Alavi N, Ahmadi
Ankali et al. Particulate matter and bacteria
characteristics of the Middle East Dust (MED)
storms over Ahvaz, Iran. Aerobiologia.
2014; 30: 345-356. https://link.springer.com/
article/10.1007/s10453-014-9333-7
17. Nourmoradi H, Moradnejadi K,
Mohammadi Moghadam F, Khosravi B, Hemati
L, Khoshniyat R, Kazembeigi F. The effect of
dust storm on the microbial quality of ambient
air in Sanandaj: A city located in the west of
Iran. Global Journal of Health Science. 2015;
7(5): 114-119. https://ccsenet.org/journal/
index.php/gjhs/article/view/46888
18. Amarloei A, Fazlzadeh M, Jonidi Jafarie A,
Zareif A, Mazloomi S. Particulate matters and
bioaerosols during Middle East dust storms
events in Ilam, Iran. Microchemical Journal.
2020; 152: 104280-104286. https://www.
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/
S0026265X19314602.
19. Alghamdi M A, Shamy M, Redal M
A, Khoder M, Awad A H, Elserougy S.
Microorganisms associated particulate matter:
a preliminary study. Science of the Total
Environment. 2014; 479: 109-116. https://
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/
pii/S0048969714001685.
20. Sippula O, Rintala H, Happo M, Jalava P,
Kuuspalo K, Virén A, et al. Characterization
of chemical and microbial species from sizesegregated indoor and outdoor particulate
samples. Aerosol and Air Quality Research.
2013; 13(4): 1212-1230. https://www.
researchgate.net/publication/266910205
21. Cao C, Jiang W, Wang B, Fang J, Lang
J, Tian G, et al. Inhalable microorganisms in
Beijing’s PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants during a
severe smog event. Environmental Science &
Technology. 2014; 48(3): 1499-1507. https://
pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es4048472
22. National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH). Bioaerosol sampling
(Indoor Air), Method 0800. NIOSH Manual of
Analytical Methods, Fourth Edition. 1998.
23. Colco R. Gram Staining. Current Protocols
in Microbiology. 00 (1): Appendix 3C. 2005.
24. Pascal M, Falq G, Wagner V, Chatignoux E,
Corso M, Blanchard M, Host S, Pascal L, Larrieu
S. Short-term impacts of particulate matter
(PM10, PM10–2.5, PM2.5) on mortality in nine
French cities. Atmospheric Environment. 2014;
95: 175-184. https://www.sciencedirect.com/
science/article/abs/pii/S1352231014004762
25. Li Y, Lu R, Li W, Xie Z, Song Y.
Concentrations and size distributions of viable
bioaerosols under various weather conditions
in a typical semi-arid city of Northwest China.
Journal of Aerosol Science. 2017; 106: 83-92.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/
abs/pii/S0021850216302907
26. Brodie EL, Desantis TZ, Parker JPZubietta IX, Piceno YM, Andersen GL.
Urban aerosols harbor diverse and dynamic
bacterial populations. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences. 2007;
104(1): 299-304. https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/6617176_Urban_Aerosols_
Harbor_Diverse_and_Dynamic_Bacterial_
Populations
27. Bowers RM, Sullivan AP, Costello EK,
Collett JL, Knight R, Fierer N. Sources
of bacteria in outdoor air across cities in
the midwestern United States. Applied
and Environmental Microbiology. 2011;
77(18): 6350-6356. https://journals.asm.org/
doi/10.1128/AEM.05498-11
28. Fahlgren C, Bratbak G, Sandaa R-A,
Thyrhaug R, Zweifel UL. Diversity of airborne
bacteria in samples collected using different
devices for aerosol collection. Aerobiologia,
2011; 27(2): 107-120. https://link.springer.
com/article/10.1007/s10453-010-9181-z
29. Fang Z, Ouyang Z, Zheng H, Wang X,
Hu L. Culturable airborne bacteria in outdoor
environments in Beijing, China. Microbial
Ecology. 2007; 54(3): 487-496. https://www.
jstor.org/stable/25256220
30. Ramachandran G. Gram-positive and
gram-negative bacterial toxins in sepsis: A
brief review. Virulence. 2014; 5(1): 213–218.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC3916377/
31. Van Teeseling MC, de Pedro MA, Cava F.
Determinants of bacterial morphology: from
fundamentals to possibilities for antimicrobial
targeting. Frontiers in microbiology. 2017; 8:1-
18.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28740487
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 3 (2022): Summer 2022 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v7i3.10540 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Air pollution; Bioaerosols; Human health; Total suspended particles; Dust | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Soleimani M, Shirani F, Jalali SAH. Spatial and temporal variation of bacterial population in ambient air particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP) of Isfahan city, Iran. JAPH. 2022;7(3):261-274.
