Evaluation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration trends over heavily-industrialized metropolis of Ahvaz: Relationships to emissions and meteorological parameters
-
Majid Kermani
,
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
,
Mitra Gholami
,
Mahdi Farzadkia
,
Jalal Saeidpour
,
Abbas Shahsavani
,
Farzad Fanaei
Abstract
Introduction: Today, with the industrialization of societies, the expansion of urbanization and the increasing trend of population growth, sustainable livelihoods are severely polluted and unfortunately around the world,
especially in developing countries, urban air quality is declining. This study is designed to determine the concentration of PM2.5 particles and the effect of meteorological parameters in 14 selected points in the metropolis of Ahvaz.
Materials and methods: The sampling of Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was in four seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Sampling was performed using the Environmental Protection Agency, method TO-13A (EPA/TO-13A) guideline. Particle samples were collected on a fiberglass filter with a pore size of 1 µm and diameter of 37 mm. Information about meteorological parameters was also recorded by PHB-318. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS and R.
Results: The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 particles in the metropolis of Ahvaz during the study period is 14 times higher than the value of the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Also, temperature had a negative relationship and relative humidity and pressure had a direct and positive relationship with concentration of PM2.5 particle. It was found that Zargan, Padadshahr 1and 2, Saadi and 17 Shahrivar stations are the most polluted points compared to PM2.5 particles.
Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce is important and necessary.
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Environmental Health Science and Engineering.
2021 Jun;19(1):781-91.
16. Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard
NJ, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh
R, et al. The evaluation of PM10, PM2.5, and
PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern
Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from April
through September 2010. Journal of arid
environments. 2012;77:72-83.
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Vosoughi M, Hashemzadeh H, Naimabadi A, et
al. Study of heavy metal levels in indoor dust
and their health risk assessment in children of
Ahvaz city, Iran. Toxin reviews. 2016;35(1-
2):16-23.
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YT, Neisi A, Takdastan A, et al. Concentrations
and health effects of short-and long-term
exposure to PM2.5, NO2
, and O3
in ambient air of
Ahvaz city, Iran (2014–2017). Ecotoxicology
and environmental safety. 2019;180:542-8.
19. Goudarzi G, Hashemi Shahraki A, Alavi
N, Ahmadi Angali K, Dehghani M. Study of
environmental parameters effect on particulate
matters and bacterial concentration in Ahvaz
city during different seasons. New Cellular
and Molecular Biotechnology Journal.
2013;3(11):83-90.
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Physical Sciences and Engineering; 1994.
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of Methods for the Determination of Toxic
Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Second
Edition. 1999.
22. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M,
Farzadkia M, Arfaeinia H, Shahsavani A,
et al. Investigation of relationship between
particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological
parameters in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Air
Pollution and Health. 2020;5(2):97-106.
23. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M,
Fanaei F, Arfaeinia H. Association between
meteorological parameter and PM2.5
concentration in Karaj, Iran. International
Journal of Environmental Health Engineering.
2020;9(1):4.
24. Xu G, Ren X, Xiong K, Li L, Bi X, Wu
Q. Analysis of the driving factors of PM2.5
concentration in the air: A case study of
the Yangtze River Delta, China. Ecological
Indicators. 2020;110:105889. 25. Chang JH, Tseng CY. Analysis of correlation
between secondary PM2.5 and factory pollution
sources by using ANN and the correlation
coefficient. Ieee Access. 2017 Oct 23;5:22812-
22.
26. Ahirwar AV, Bajpai S. Seasonal Variability
of TSPM, PM10 and PM2. 5 In Ambient
Air at an Urban Industrial Area In Eastern
Central Part of India. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET).
2017;25.
27. Tahri M, Benchrif A, Bounakhla M,
Benyaich F, Noack Y. Seasonal variation
and risk assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10
in the ambient air of Kenitra, Morocco.
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts.
2017;19(11):1427-36.
28. Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi A,
Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, et al.
Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to
outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis,
Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environmental
research. 2016;151:451-7.
29. Vahidi MH, Fanaei F, Kermani M. Longterm health impact assessment of PM2.5 and
PM10: Karaj, Iran. International Journal
of Environmental Health Engineering.
2020;9(1):8.
30. Wang J, Ogawa S. Effects of meteorological
conditions on PM2.5 concentrations in Nagasaki,
Japan. International journal of environmental
research and public health. 2015;12(8):9089-
101.
31. Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological
correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of
ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran.
Environmental research. 2019;170:141-50.
32. Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu J, Ying Q, Hu
X-M. Relationships between meteorological
parameters and criteria air pollutants in three
megacities in China. Environmental research.
2015;140:242-54.
33. Santi D, Magnani E, Michelangeli M,
Grassi R, Vecchi B, Pedroni G, et al. Seasonal
variation of semen parameters correlates with
environmental temperature and air pollution: A
big data analysis over 6 years. Environmental
Pollution. 2018;235:806-13.
34. Wang H, Li J, Peng Y, Zhang M, Che H,
Zhang X. The impacts of the meteorology
features on PM2. 5 levels during a severe haze
episode in central-east China. Atmospheric
Environment. 2019;197:177-89.
and policy perspectives. Environmental science
& policy. 2019;92:275-80.
2. Gangwar C, Choudhari R, Chauhan A,
Kumar A, Singh A, Tripathi A. Assessment of
air pollution caused by illegal e-waste burning
to evaluate the human health risk. Environment
international. 2019;125:191-9.
3. Hajizadeh Y, Jafari N, Mohammadi A,
Momtaz SM, Fanaei F, Abdolahnejad A.
Concentrations and mortality due to short-and
long-term exposure to PM2.5 in a megacity of
Iran (2014–2019). Environmental Science and
Pollution Research. 2020;27(30):38004-14.
4. Loomis D, Huang W, Chen G. The
International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) evaluation of the carcinogenicity of
outdoor air pollution: focus on China. Chinese
journal of cancer. 2014;33(4):189.
5. Vohra K, Vodonos A, Schwartz J, Marais
EA, Sulprizio MP, Mickley LJ. Global
mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution
generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results
from GEOS-Chem. Environmental Research.
2021;195:110754.
6. Li T, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Sun Z,
et al. Estimating mortality burden attributable
to short-term PM2.5 exposure: a national
observational study in China. Environment
international. 2019;125:245-51.
7. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Arfaeinia
H, Yousefi M, Shahsavani A, et al. Spatioseasonal variation, distribution, levels, and risk
assessment of airborne asbestos concentration
in the most industrial city of Iran: effect
of meteorological factors. Environmental
Science and Pollution Research. 2021
Apr;28(13):16434-46.
8. Moteallemi A, Minaei M, Tahmasbizadeh
M, Fadaei S, Masroor K, Fanaei F. Monitoring
of airborne asbestos fibers in an urban
ambient air of Mashhad City, Iran: levels,
spatial distribution and seasonal variations.
Journal of Environmental Health Science and
Engineering. 2020;18(2):1239-46.
9. Mohammadi A, Faraji M, Conti GO, Ferrante
M, Miri M. Mortality and morbidity due to
exposure to particulate matter related to drying
Urmia Lake in the NW Iran. European journal
of internal medicine. 2019 Feb 1;60:e14-5.
10. Fanaei F, Ghorbanian A, Shahsavani
A, Jafari AJ, Abdolahnejad A, Kermani M.
Quantification of mortality and morbidity in
general population of heavily-industrialized
city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure.
Journal of Air Pollution and Health.
2020;5(3):171-80.
11. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Arfaeinia
H, Shahsavani A, Fanaei F. Characterization,
possible sources and health risk assessment of
PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial
city of Iran. Journal of Environmental Health
Science and Engineering. 2021 Jun;19(1):151-
63.
12. Kermani M, Arfaeinia H, Masroor K,
Abdolahnejad A, Fanaei F, Shahsavani A, et al.
Health impacts and burden of disease attributed
to long-term exposure to atmospheric PM10/
PM2.5 in Karaj, Iran: effect of meteorological
factors. International Journal of Environmental
Analytical Chemistry. 2020:1-17.
13. Kim K-H, Jahan SA, Kabir E. A review on
human health perspective of air pollution with
respect to allergies and asthma. Environment
international. 2013;59:41-52.
14. Murray CJ, Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Stein
C. The Global Burden of Disease 2000 project:
aims, methods and data sources. Geneva: World
Health Organization. 2001;36:1-57.
15. Hajizadeh Y, Jafari N, Fanaei F, Ghanbari
R, Mohammadi A, Behnami A, et al. Spatial
patterns and temporal variations of trafficrelated air pollutants and estimating its
health effects in Isfahan city, Iran. Journal of
Environmental Health Science and Engineering.
2021 Jun;19(1):781-91.
16. Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard
NJ, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh
R, et al. The evaluation of PM10, PM2.5, and
PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern
Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from April
through September 2010. Journal of arid
environments. 2012;77:72-83.
17. Neisi A, Goudarzi G, Akbar Babaei A,
Vosoughi M, Hashemzadeh H, Naimabadi A, et
al. Study of heavy metal levels in indoor dust
and their health risk assessment in children of
Ahvaz city, Iran. Toxin reviews. 2016;35(1-
2):16-23.
18. Karimi A, Shirmardi M, Hadei M, Birgani
YT, Neisi A, Takdastan A, et al. Concentrations
and health effects of short-and long-term
exposure to PM2.5, NO2
, and O3
in ambient air of
Ahvaz city, Iran (2014–2017). Ecotoxicology
and environmental safety. 2019;180:542-8.
19. Goudarzi G, Hashemi Shahraki A, Alavi
N, Ahmadi Angali K, Dehghani M. Study of
environmental parameters effect on particulate
matters and bacterial concentration in Ahvaz
city during different seasons. New Cellular
and Molecular Biotechnology Journal.
2013;3(11):83-90.
20. Health. Division of Physical Sciences.
NIOSH, Manual of Analytical Methods. US
Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health, Division of
Physical Sciences and Engineering; 1994.
21. Organic DO, Canisters SP. Compendium
of Methods for the Determination of Toxic
Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Second
Edition. 1999.
22. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M,
Farzadkia M, Arfaeinia H, Shahsavani A,
et al. Investigation of relationship between
particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological
parameters in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Air
Pollution and Health. 2020;5(2):97-106.
23. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M,
Fanaei F, Arfaeinia H. Association between
meteorological parameter and PM2.5
concentration in Karaj, Iran. International
Journal of Environmental Health Engineering.
2020;9(1):4.
24. Xu G, Ren X, Xiong K, Li L, Bi X, Wu
Q. Analysis of the driving factors of PM2.5
concentration in the air: A case study of
the Yangtze River Delta, China. Ecological
Indicators. 2020;110:105889. 25. Chang JH, Tseng CY. Analysis of correlation
between secondary PM2.5 and factory pollution
sources by using ANN and the correlation
coefficient. Ieee Access. 2017 Oct 23;5:22812-
22.
26. Ahirwar AV, Bajpai S. Seasonal Variability
of TSPM, PM10 and PM2. 5 In Ambient
Air at an Urban Industrial Area In Eastern
Central Part of India. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET).
2017;25.
27. Tahri M, Benchrif A, Bounakhla M,
Benyaich F, Noack Y. Seasonal variation
and risk assessment of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10
in the ambient air of Kenitra, Morocco.
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts.
2017;19(11):1427-36.
28. Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi A,
Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, et al.
Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to
outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis,
Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environmental
research. 2016;151:451-7.
29. Vahidi MH, Fanaei F, Kermani M. Longterm health impact assessment of PM2.5 and
PM10: Karaj, Iran. International Journal
of Environmental Health Engineering.
2020;9(1):8.
30. Wang J, Ogawa S. Effects of meteorological
conditions on PM2.5 concentrations in Nagasaki,
Japan. International journal of environmental
research and public health. 2015;12(8):9089-
101.
31. Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological
correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of
ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran.
Environmental research. 2019;170:141-50.
32. Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu J, Ying Q, Hu
X-M. Relationships between meteorological
parameters and criteria air pollutants in three
megacities in China. Environmental research.
2015;140:242-54.
33. Santi D, Magnani E, Michelangeli M,
Grassi R, Vecchi B, Pedroni G, et al. Seasonal
variation of semen parameters correlates with
environmental temperature and air pollution: A
big data analysis over 6 years. Environmental
Pollution. 2018;235:806-13.
34. Wang H, Li J, Peng Y, Zhang M, Che H,
Zhang X. The impacts of the meteorology
features on PM2. 5 levels during a severe haze
episode in central-east China. Atmospheric
Environment. 2019;197:177-89.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 2 (2022): Spring 2022 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v7i2.9599 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Air pollution; Ahvaz city; Meteorological parameters; Particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A, Gholami M, Farzadkia M, Saeidpour J, Shahsavani A, Fanaei F. Evaluation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration trends over heavily-industrialized metropolis of Ahvaz: Relationships to emissions and meteorological parameters. JAPH. 2022;7(2):157-172.
