Measuring the ambient air pollutants in Garmsar industrial district
,
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, air pollution is one of the main health and environmental problems in developing cities, which is a result of the increasing use of fossil fuels, heat generators and the activities of industrial districts and industries.
Materials and methods: In order to conduct this descriptive cross-sectional study, the sampling site of Garmsar industrial district in Semnan province was selected. For air sampling, a large sample sampling pump, a cyclone holder filter and a fiberglass filter were used. The air sampling operation lasted from June to September, 2021. Sampling was performed in three days a week at a speed of 0.5 m/s. Therefore, 15 samples were taken per month and 60 samples were taken in each study period to measure each group of particles.
Results: Based on the results of the evaluation of air pollutants, among the measured pollutants, only the amount of suspended particles and sulfur dioxide in some sampling days is higher than the maximum allowable concentration of the standard ambient air. The Air Quality Index (AQI) for Particulate Matter less than 10 µm (PM10) in August exceeded the allowable level (100), and for Sulfur dioxide (SO2) in September.
Conclusion: Since the concentration of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide and consequently the amount of AQI in some sampling days is higher than the maximum allowable concentration of ambient air standard, continuous monitoring of emission sources, determination and control of emission sources, and creating local and industrial guidelines in this area is essential.
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Source profiles, emission factors and associated
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identification and estimates of source contributions
to air pollution in Dundee, UK. Atmospheric
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accident and emergency departments in London
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Journal. 1999;13(2):257-65.
16. Kukkonen J, Savolahti M, Palamarchuk Y,
Lanki T, Nurmi V, Paunu V-V et al. Modelling of
the public health costs of fine particulate matter
and results for Finland in 2015. Atmospheric
Chemistry and Physics. 2020;20(15):9371-91.
17. Li Y, Wu A, Wu Y, Xu J, Zhao Z, Tong M et
al. Morphological characterization and chemical
composition of PM2.5 and PM10 collected from
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framework for analysing multimodal freight
transportation system in India: SAP–LAP and
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Systems Management. 2020;21(1):35-52.
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index: A case study of Delhi. Global Journal of
Flexible System Management. 2001;2:39-44.
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matter AQI index prediction using multi-layer
perceptron network. Proceedings of the Korean
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Sciences Conference; 2019: The Korea Institute of
Information and Commucation Engineering.
21. Golbaz S, Farzadkia M, Kermani M.
Determination of Tehran air quality with emphasis
on air quality index (AQI) 2008-2009. Iran
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22. MOEINI L, Fani A, Eshrati B, Talaei A. Effect
of concentration of air pollutants (PM10, O3 and
H2
S) on lung capacity in the cities Arak and
Khomain, Iran. 2010.
23. Salmani ER, Ghaderi A, Ataei SA, Dolatabadi
M. Feasibility Study for Reuse of Zarand Thermal
Power Plant Wastewater Passed through Reverse
Osmosis Process. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety
and Environment. 2017;4(3):795-803.
24. Li G, Wu H, Zhong Q, He J, Yang W, Zhu J et
al. Six air pollutants and cause-specific mortality:
a multi-area study in nine counties or districts of
Anhui Province, China. Environmental Science
and Pollution Research. 2022;29(1):468-82.
25. Moolgavkar SH. Air pollution and daily
mortality in three US counties. Environmental
Health Perspectives. 2000;108(8):777-84.
26. Hwang J, Kwon J, Yi H, Bae H-J, Jang M, Kim
N. Association between long-term exposure to air
pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in
South Korea. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-8.
27. Cromar KR, Ghazipura M, Gladson LA,
Perlmutt L. Evaluating the US Air Quality
Index as a risk communication tool: Comparing
associations of index values with respiratory
morbidity among adults in California. PloS one.
2020;15(11):e0242031.
28. Tan X, Han L, Zhang X, Zhou W, Li W, Qian
Y. A review of current air quality indexes and
improvements under the multi-contaminant air
pollution exposure. Journal of environmental
management. 2021;279:111681.
29. Bishoi B, Prakash A, Jain V. A comparative
study of air quality index based on factor analysis
and US-EPA methods for an urban environment.
Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2009;9(1):1-17.
30. USEP A. Guideline for reporting of daily air
quality-pollutant standard index-(PSI). Nortn
Carolina: Environmental Protection Agency Press;
1998
Health risk assessment of metal fumes in an Iranian
Mineral Salt company. Journal of Air Pollution
and Health. 2020;5(3):163-70.
2. Wark K, Warner CF. Air pollution: its origin and
control. 1981.
3. Neidell MJ. Air pollution, health, and socioeconomic status: the effect of outdoor air quality
on childhood asthma. Journal of health economics.
2004;23(6):1209-36.
4. Zhang Z, Zhang G, Su B. The spatial impacts of
air pollution and socio-economic status on public
health: Empirical evidence from China. SocioEconomic Planning Sciences. 2021:101167.
5. Olsson D, Forsberg B, Bråbäck L, Geels C, Brandt
J, Christensen JH et al. Early childhood exposure to
ambient air pollution is associated with increased
risk of paediatric asthma: An administrative cohort
study from Stockholm, Sweden. Environment
International. 2021;155:106667.
6. Bai N, Khazaei M, van Eeden SF, Laher I.
The pharmacology of particulate matter air
pollution-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.
Pharmacology & therapeutics. 2007;113(1):16-29.
7. Tulabi A, Zare M, Zare M, Shahriari A, Sarkhosh
M, Rahmani A et al. Assessment of air quality
index in proximity of Bandar Abbas oil refinery.
Hormozgan Medical Journal. 2012;16(2):123-33.
8. Adebiyi FM. Air quality and management
in petroleum refining industry: A review.
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.
2022 Feb 8.
9. Lv D, Lu S, Tan X, Shao M, Xie S, Wang L.
Source profiles, emission factors and associated
contributions to secondary pollution of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from a local
petroleum refinery in Shandong. Environmental
Pollution. 2021;274:116589.
10. Qin Y, Oduyemi K. Atmospheric aerosol source
identification and estimates of source contributions
to air pollution in Dundee, UK. Atmospheric
Environment. 2003;37(13):1799-809.
11. Liu L, Wang K, Wang S, Zhang R, Tang X.
Assessing energy consumption, CO2 and pollutant
emissions and health benefits from China's
transport sector through 2050. Energy Policy.
2018;116:382-96.
12. Jerrett M, Buzzelli M, Burnett RT, DeLuca PF. Particulate air pollution, social confounders, and
mortality in small areas of an industrial city. Social
science & medicine. 2005;60(12):2845-63.
13. Gurjar B, Butler T, Lawrence M, Lelieveld
J. Evaluation of emissions and air quality
in megacities. Atmospheric Environment.
2008;42(7):1593-606.
14. Gurjar BR, Ohara T, Khare M, Kulshrestha P,
Tyagi V, Nagpure AS. South Asian perspective: a
case of urban air pollution and potential for climate
co-benefits in India. Mainstreaming Climate CoBenefits in Indian Cities. Springer; 2018. p. 77-98.
15. Atkinson R, Anderson H, Strachan D, Bland J,
Bremner S, De Leon AP. Short-term associations
between outdoor air pollution and visits to
accident and emergency departments in London
for respiratory complaints. European Respiratory
Journal. 1999;13(2):257-65.
16. Kukkonen J, Savolahti M, Palamarchuk Y,
Lanki T, Nurmi V, Paunu V-V et al. Modelling of
the public health costs of fine particulate matter
and results for Finland in 2015. Atmospheric
Chemistry and Physics. 2020;20(15):9371-91.
17. Li Y, Wu A, Wu Y, Xu J, Zhao Z, Tong M et
al. Morphological characterization and chemical
composition of PM2.5 and PM10 collected from
four typical Chinese restaurants. Aerosol Science
and Technology. 2019;53(10):1186-96.
18. Kumar A, Anbanandam R. A flexible policy
framework for analysing multimodal freight
transportation system in India: SAP–LAP and
efficient IRP method. Global Journal of Flexible
Systems Management. 2020;21(1):35-52.
19. Goyal P. Flexibility in estimating air quality
index: A case study of Delhi. Global Journal of
Flexible System Management. 2001;2:39-44.
20. Cho K-w, Lee J-s, Oh C-h, editors. Particulate
matter AQI index prediction using multi-layer
perceptron network. Proceedings of the Korean
Institute of Information and Commucation
Sciences Conference; 2019: The Korea Institute of
Information and Commucation Engineering.
21. Golbaz S, Farzadkia M, Kermani M.
Determination of Tehran air quality with emphasis
on air quality index (AQI) 2008-2009. Iran
Occupational Health. 2010;6(4):62-8.
22. MOEINI L, Fani A, Eshrati B, Talaei A. Effect
of concentration of air pollutants (PM10, O3 and
H2
S) on lung capacity in the cities Arak and
Khomain, Iran. 2010.
23. Salmani ER, Ghaderi A, Ataei SA, Dolatabadi
M. Feasibility Study for Reuse of Zarand Thermal
Power Plant Wastewater Passed through Reverse
Osmosis Process. Iranian Journal of Health, Safety
and Environment. 2017;4(3):795-803.
24. Li G, Wu H, Zhong Q, He J, Yang W, Zhu J et
al. Six air pollutants and cause-specific mortality:
a multi-area study in nine counties or districts of
Anhui Province, China. Environmental Science
and Pollution Research. 2022;29(1):468-82.
25. Moolgavkar SH. Air pollution and daily
mortality in three US counties. Environmental
Health Perspectives. 2000;108(8):777-84.
26. Hwang J, Kwon J, Yi H, Bae H-J, Jang M, Kim
N. Association between long-term exposure to air
pollutants and cardiopulmonary mortality rates in
South Korea. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-8.
27. Cromar KR, Ghazipura M, Gladson LA,
Perlmutt L. Evaluating the US Air Quality
Index as a risk communication tool: Comparing
associations of index values with respiratory
morbidity among adults in California. PloS one.
2020;15(11):e0242031.
28. Tan X, Han L, Zhang X, Zhou W, Li W, Qian
Y. A review of current air quality indexes and
improvements under the multi-contaminant air
pollution exposure. Journal of environmental
management. 2021;279:111681.
29. Bishoi B, Prakash A, Jain V. A comparative
study of air quality index based on factor analysis
and US-EPA methods for an urban environment.
Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2009;9(1):1-17.
30. USEP A. Guideline for reporting of daily air
quality-pollutant standard index-(PSI). Nortn
Carolina: Environmental Protection Agency Press;
1998
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 7 No 1 (2022): Winter 2022 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v7i1.8919 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Air quality index (AQI); Garmsar; Particulate matter less than 10 µm (PM10), Sulfur dioxide (SO2 ); Carbon monoxide (CO) Indoor air quality; Risk assessment | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Maleki R, Azhdari SS. Measuring the ambient air pollutants in Garmsar industrial district. JAPH. 2022;7(1):51-60.
