Evaluation of ozone, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and estimation of attributed health effects based on AirQ+ on residents of Ahvaz, Iran (2012-2018)
-
Davood Jalili Naghan
,
Abdolkazem Neisi
,
Gholamreza Goudarzi
,
Maryam Dastoorpoor
,
Abdolmajid Fadaei
,
Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
Abstract
Introduction: Inadequate air quality is one of the environmental hazards factors imposing a significant number of deaths and complications of diseases on society. Therefore, it is highly important to determine the extent of its effects on health in communities. This study sought to assessment the concentration and additional short- and long-term mortality attributed to Particulate Matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Ozone (O3) were observed in Ahwaz from 2012 to 2018 using AirQ+.
Materials and methods: Daily and hourly concentrations of PM2.5, ozone and NO2 were obtained from Department of Environment in Ahvaz. Then, the mean concentration of 2.5 PM2.5 for 24 h, the mean concentration of NO2 for 1 h and the maximum concentration of O3 for 8 h daily were calculated using Excel 2010. Finally, to calculate the annual sum of maximum daily 8-h ozone means over 35 ppb (SOMO35) index, concentrations above 35 were collected and entered into the software.
Results: The mean seven-year concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and O3 were 68.21 (±135.86%), 24.46 (±22.79%) µg/m3 and 24.48 (±13.77%) ppb, respectively. The death rates of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), lung cancer and Acute Lower Respiratory tract Infections (ALRI) and stroke related to PM2.5 were 2023, 128, 110, 23, 802, respectively. The number of respiratory deaths attributed
to ozone was 68.
Conclusion: The results show a high number of deaths due to bad weather in Ahvaz. It can be concluded that by designing and implementing appropriate and correct solutions and decisions, both health and economic losses are prevented.
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Khanjani N. Acute effects of air pollution on
spontaneous abortion, premature delivery,
and stillbirth in Ahvaz, Iran: a time-series
study. Environmental science and pollution
research. 2018 Feb;25(6):5447-58.
5. Dastoorpoor M, Goudarzi G, Khanjani
N, Idani E, Aghababaeian H, Bahrampour A.
Lag time structure of cardiovascular deaths
attributed to ambient air pollutants in Ahvaz,
Iran, 2008-2015. Int J Occup Med Environ
Health. 2018 Jul 4;31(4):459-73.
6. Hadei M, Hashemi Nazari SS,
Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Farhadi M,
Shahsavani A. Estimation of gender-specific
lung cancer deaths due to exposure to PM2.5
in 10 cities of Iran during 2013-2016: A
modeling approach. International journal of
cancer management. 2017 Aug 31;10(8).
7. Hopke PK, Nazari SS, Hadei M,
Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Yarahmadi E, et
al. Spatial and temporal trends of short-term
health impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian cities; A
modelling approach (2013â 2016). Aerosol
and air quality research. 2018;18(2):497-
504.
8. Dobaradaran S, Geravandi S,
Goudarzi G, Idani E, Salmanzadeh S, Soltani
F, et al. Determination of cardiovascular
and respiratory diseases caused by PM10
exposure in Bushehr, 2013. Journal of
Mazandaran university of medical sciences.
2016 Aug 10;26(139):42-52.
9. Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi
A, Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, et al.
Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to
outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis,
Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environmental
research. 2016 Nov 1;151:451-7.
10. Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E,
Berhane K, McConnell R, Rappaport E, et
al. Association of improved air quality with
lung development in children. N Engl J Med.
2015 Mar 5;372:905-13.
11. Goudarzi G, Shirmardi M, Naimabadi
A, Ghadiri A, Sajedifar J. Chemical and
organic characteristics of PM2.5 particles and
their in-vitro cytotoxic effects on lung cells:
The middle east dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran.
Science of the total environment. 2019 Mar
10;655:434-45.
12. Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H.
Local and long-range transport dust storms
over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on
spatiotemporal and geometrical properties.
Pure and applied geophysics. 2020 Mar 17:1-
9.
13. Rad HD, Assarehzadegan MA,
Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Birgani YT, Maleki H, et al. Do Conocarpus erectus
airborne pollen grains exacerbate autumnal
thunderstorm asthma attacks in Ahvaz,
Iran?. Atmospheric environment. 2019 Sep
15;213:311-25.
14. Yousefian F, Faridi S, Azimi F, Aghaei
M, Shamsipour M, Yaghmaeian K, et al.
Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants
and meteorological influences on their
concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017.
Scientific reports. 2020 Jan 15;10(1):1-1.
15. Krzyzanowski M, Cohen A. Update
of WHO air quality guidelines. Air quality,
atmosphere & health. 2008 Jun;1(1):7-13.
16. European Environmental Agency. Air
quality in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications
office of the European Union. 2014. Report
No.: 5.
17. Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN. Atmospheric
chemistry and physics. From air pollution to
climate change. New York., John Wiley &
Sons. Inc.–1999-1295 P. 1998.
18. Byford S, Torgerson DJ, Raftery
J. Cost of illness studies. Bmj. 2000 May
13;320(7245):1335.
19. Clabaugh G, Ward MM. Cost-ofillness studies in the United States: A
systematic review of methodologies used for
direct cost. Value in health. 2008;11(1):1321.
20. Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E,
Berhane K, Mc Connell R, Rappaport E, et
al. Association of improved air quality with
lung development in children. N Engl J Med.
2015 Mar 5;372:905-13.
21. Mudu P, Gapp C, Dunbar M, World
Health Organization. AirQ+: 1.0 example of
calculations. World Health Organization.
Regional office for Europe; 2016.
22. World Health Organization. AirQ+:
key features. World Health Organization.
Regional office for Europe; 2016.
23. Arfaeinia H, Kermani M, Aghaei M,
Bahrami Asl F, Karimzadeh S. Comparative
investigation of health quality of air in
Tehran, Isfahan and Shiraz metropolises in
2011-2012. Journal of health in the field.
2014;1(4):37-44.
24. Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian
M, Momeniha F, Nabizadeh R, Faridi S, et al.
Health impact assessment of air pollution in
megacity of Tehran, Iran. Iranian journal of
environmental health science & engineering.
2012 Dec;9(1):1-7.
25. World Health Organization. Air quality
guidelines: global update 2005: particulate
matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur
dioxide. World Health Organization; 2006.
26. World Health Organization. Ambient
air pollution: A global assessment of exposure
and burden of disease. 2016.
27. World Bank, Institute for health
metrics and evaluation. The cost of air
pollution: strengthening the economic case
for action. 2016.
28. Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H.
Local and Long-range transport dust storms
over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on
spatiotemporal and geometrical properties.
Pure Appl Geophys. 2020;17: 1–9.
29. Faridi S, Niazi S, Yousefian F, Azimi
F, Pasalari H, Momeniha F, et al. Spatial
homogeneity and heterogeneity of ambient
air pollutants in Tehran. Science of the total
environment. 2019 Dec 20;697:134123.
30. Pinheiro SD, Saldiva PH, Schwartz
J, Zanobetti A. Isolated and synergistic
effects of PM10 and average temperature
on cardiovascular and respiratory
mortality. Revista de saude publica. 2014
Dec;48(6):881-8.
31. Dobaradaran S, Geravandi S,
Goudarzi G, Idani E, Salmanzadeh S, Soltani
F, et al. Determination of cardiovascular
and respiratory diseases caused by PM10
exposure in Bushehr, 2013. Journal of Mazandaran university of medical sciences.
2016 Aug 10;26(139):42-52.
air pollution: A global assessment of exposure
and burden of disease. 2016.
2. Stanaway JD, Afshin A, Gakidou E,
Lim SS, Abate D, Abate KH, et al. Global,
regional, and national comparative risk
assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental
and occupational, and metabolic risks or
clusters of risks for 195 countries and
territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis
for the global burden of disease Study 2017.
The lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1923-
94.
3. Pope III CA, Ezzati M, Dockery
DW. Fine-particulate air pollution and life
expectancy in the United States. New England
journal of medicine. 2009 Jan 22;360(4):376-
86.
4. Dastoorpoor M, Idani E, Goudarzi G,
Khanjani N. Acute effects of air pollution on
spontaneous abortion, premature delivery,
and stillbirth in Ahvaz, Iran: a time-series
study. Environmental science and pollution
research. 2018 Feb;25(6):5447-58.
5. Dastoorpoor M, Goudarzi G, Khanjani
N, Idani E, Aghababaeian H, Bahrampour A.
Lag time structure of cardiovascular deaths
attributed to ambient air pollutants in Ahvaz,
Iran, 2008-2015. Int J Occup Med Environ
Health. 2018 Jul 4;31(4):459-73.
6. Hadei M, Hashemi Nazari SS,
Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Farhadi M,
Shahsavani A. Estimation of gender-specific
lung cancer deaths due to exposure to PM2.5
in 10 cities of Iran during 2013-2016: A
modeling approach. International journal of
cancer management. 2017 Aug 31;10(8).
7. Hopke PK, Nazari SS, Hadei M,
Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Yarahmadi E, et
al. Spatial and temporal trends of short-term
health impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian cities; A
modelling approach (2013â 2016). Aerosol
and air quality research. 2018;18(2):497-
504.
8. Dobaradaran S, Geravandi S,
Goudarzi G, Idani E, Salmanzadeh S, Soltani
F, et al. Determination of cardiovascular
and respiratory diseases caused by PM10
exposure in Bushehr, 2013. Journal of
Mazandaran university of medical sciences.
2016 Aug 10;26(139):42-52.
9. Miri M, Derakhshan Z, Allahabadi
A, Ahmadi E, Conti GO, Ferrante M, et al.
Mortality and morbidity due to exposure to
outdoor air pollution in Mashhad metropolis,
Iran. The AirQ model approach. Environmental
research. 2016 Nov 1;151:451-7.
10. Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E,
Berhane K, McConnell R, Rappaport E, et
al. Association of improved air quality with
lung development in children. N Engl J Med.
2015 Mar 5;372:905-13.
11. Goudarzi G, Shirmardi M, Naimabadi
A, Ghadiri A, Sajedifar J. Chemical and
organic characteristics of PM2.5 particles and
their in-vitro cytotoxic effects on lung cells:
The middle east dust storms in Ahvaz, Iran.
Science of the total environment. 2019 Mar
10;655:434-45.
12. Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H.
Local and long-range transport dust storms
over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on
spatiotemporal and geometrical properties.
Pure and applied geophysics. 2020 Mar 17:1-
9.
13. Rad HD, Assarehzadegan MA,
Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Birgani YT, Maleki H, et al. Do Conocarpus erectus
airborne pollen grains exacerbate autumnal
thunderstorm asthma attacks in Ahvaz,
Iran?. Atmospheric environment. 2019 Sep
15;213:311-25.
14. Yousefian F, Faridi S, Azimi F, Aghaei
M, Shamsipour M, Yaghmaeian K, et al.
Temporal variations of ambient air pollutants
and meteorological influences on their
concentrations in Tehran during 2012–2017.
Scientific reports. 2020 Jan 15;10(1):1-1.
15. Krzyzanowski M, Cohen A. Update
of WHO air quality guidelines. Air quality,
atmosphere & health. 2008 Jun;1(1):7-13.
16. European Environmental Agency. Air
quality in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications
office of the European Union. 2014. Report
No.: 5.
17. Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN. Atmospheric
chemistry and physics. From air pollution to
climate change. New York., John Wiley &
Sons. Inc.–1999-1295 P. 1998.
18. Byford S, Torgerson DJ, Raftery
J. Cost of illness studies. Bmj. 2000 May
13;320(7245):1335.
19. Clabaugh G, Ward MM. Cost-ofillness studies in the United States: A
systematic review of methodologies used for
direct cost. Value in health. 2008;11(1):1321.
20. Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E,
Berhane K, Mc Connell R, Rappaport E, et
al. Association of improved air quality with
lung development in children. N Engl J Med.
2015 Mar 5;372:905-13.
21. Mudu P, Gapp C, Dunbar M, World
Health Organization. AirQ+: 1.0 example of
calculations. World Health Organization.
Regional office for Europe; 2016.
22. World Health Organization. AirQ+:
key features. World Health Organization.
Regional office for Europe; 2016.
23. Arfaeinia H, Kermani M, Aghaei M,
Bahrami Asl F, Karimzadeh S. Comparative
investigation of health quality of air in
Tehran, Isfahan and Shiraz metropolises in
2011-2012. Journal of health in the field.
2014;1(4):37-44.
24. Naddafi K, Hassanvand MS, Yunesian
M, Momeniha F, Nabizadeh R, Faridi S, et al.
Health impact assessment of air pollution in
megacity of Tehran, Iran. Iranian journal of
environmental health science & engineering.
2012 Dec;9(1):1-7.
25. World Health Organization. Air quality
guidelines: global update 2005: particulate
matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur
dioxide. World Health Organization; 2006.
26. World Health Organization. Ambient
air pollution: A global assessment of exposure
and burden of disease. 2016.
27. World Bank, Institute for health
metrics and evaluation. The cost of air
pollution: strengthening the economic case
for action. 2016.
28. Goudarzi G, Sorooshian A, Maleki H.
Local and Long-range transport dust storms
over the city of Ahvaz: a survey based on
spatiotemporal and geometrical properties.
Pure Appl Geophys. 2020;17: 1–9.
29. Faridi S, Niazi S, Yousefian F, Azimi
F, Pasalari H, Momeniha F, et al. Spatial
homogeneity and heterogeneity of ambient
air pollutants in Tehran. Science of the total
environment. 2019 Dec 20;697:134123.
30. Pinheiro SD, Saldiva PH, Schwartz
J, Zanobetti A. Isolated and synergistic
effects of PM10 and average temperature
on cardiovascular and respiratory
mortality. Revista de saude publica. 2014
Dec;48(6):881-8.
31. Dobaradaran S, Geravandi S,
Goudarzi G, Idani E, Salmanzadeh S, Soltani
F, et al. Determination of cardiovascular
and respiratory diseases caused by PM10
exposure in Bushehr, 2013. Journal of Mazandaran university of medical sciences.
2016 Aug 10;26(139):42-52.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 4 (2021): Autumn 2021 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v6i4.8583 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Assessment; AirQ ; Attributed health outcome; Mortality; Ahvaz | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Jalili Naghan D, Neisi A, Goudarzi G, Dastoorpoor M, Fadaei A, Ahmadi Angali K. Evaluation of ozone, PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations and estimation of attributed health effects based on AirQ+ on residents of Ahvaz, Iran (2012-2018). JAPH. 2022;6(4):243-256.
