Clustering of different atmospheric patterns leading to an increase in different types of atmospheric pollutants in the greater Tehran area during the last 17 years (2004-2020)
,
Abstract
Introduction: Air pollution is one of the main problems of industrial and large cities like Tehran, due to its harmful effects, especially on human health.
Materials and methods: Based on the intensity and continuity of the standard air pollution index during 2004-2020 for 112 cases in Tehran, the principal component analysis method was applied in T-mode and clustering of days for similar 500hPa geopotential height changes were provided. The synoptic patterns leading to these different pollution cases were obtained.
Results: The study of the mentioned days shows the activity of five atmospheric patterns with the frequency of 47, 28, 12, 13, and 4%, respectively.
Conclusion: The first pattern happens during the cold season, associated with the simultaneous placement of the atmospheric ridge along with Siberian high-pressure system. The second group, which occurs mostly in summer and during late spring, is controlled with the predominant ozone pollutant. The main activity of the third pattern occurrences in summer and late spring, which is associated with the presence of monsoon Indian low-pressure on the southeastern regions in Iran. The fourth pattern, which occurs mostly in spring and autumn, associates with the establishment of dynamic low pressure in the western regions of Iran and Iraq, as well as the establishment of the thermal low-pressure system in the central part of the country. The last group is a local pattern that occurs due to the passage of the gust front and the shear of the wind field dust rise in the Tehran.
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9. Khansalari S, Ranjbar-Saadatabadi A, Mohammadian-Mohammadi L, Gozalkhoo M. Seasonal variability of atmospheric patterns leading to air pollution in the metropolis of Tehran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2019 Jun 29;4(2):109-20.
10. Khansalari S, Ghobadi N, Bidokhti A, Fazel-Rastgar F. Statistical classification of synoptic weather patterns associated with Tehran air pollution. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020 May 26;5(1):43-62.
11. Zheng C, Zhao C, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Wu X, Chen T, Wu F, Qiu Y. Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD in Beijing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017 Nov 13;17(21):13473-89.
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13. Liao T, Wang S, Ai J, Gui K, Duan B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Jiang W, Sun Y. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China). Science of the Total Environment. 2017 Apr 15;584:1056-65.
14. Yin Z, Wang H, Chen H. Understanding severe winter haze events in the North China Plain in 2014: roles of climate anomalies. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017 Feb 2;17(3):1641-51.
15. Kallos G, Kassomenos P, Pielke RA. Synoptic and mesoscale weather conditions during air pollution episodes in Athens, Greece. InTransport and Diffusion in Turbulent Fields 1993 (pp. 163-184). Springer, Dordrecht.
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18. Zeng S, Zhang Y. The effect of meteorological elements on continuing heavy air pollution: A case study in the Chengdu area during the 2014 spring festival. Atmosphere. 2017 Apr;8(4):71.
19. Zhang L, Yan W, Xie Z, Cai G, Mi W, Xu W. Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020 Dec 1;98:103-8.
20. Reddy KK, Naja M, Ojha N, Mahesh P, Lal S. Influences of the boundary layer evolution on surface ozone variations at a tropical rural site in India. Journal of earth system science. 2012 Aug 1;121(4):911-22.
21. Rasmussen DJ, Fiore AM, Naik V, Horowitz LW, McGinnis SJ, Schultz MG. Surface ozone-temperature relationships in the eastern US: A monthly climatology for evaluating chemistry-climate models. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Feb 1;47:142-53.
22. Bloomer BJ, Dickerson RR, Vinnikov K. A chemical climatology and trend analysis of ozone and temperature over the eastern US. Atmos. Environ. 2010;44:2543-51.
23. Bloomer BJ, Stehr JW, Piety CA, Salawitch RJ, Dickerson RR. Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions. Geophysical Research Letters. 2009 May;36(9).
24. Paulson SE, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part II: The ozone‐isoprene reaction. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992 Jan;24(1):103-25.
25. Abdi Vishkaee F, Flamant C, Cuesta J, Flamant P, Khalesifard HR. Multiplatform observations of dust vertical distribution during transport over northwest Iran in the summertime. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2011 Mar 16;116(D5). doi:10.1029/2010jd014573.
26. Shariepour Z, Aliakbari Bidokhti A. An Investigation on the status of troposphere NO2 over Iran during 2004 to 2012. Journal of Environmental Studies. 2014 Apr 21;40(1):65-78.
27. Ranjbar Saadatabadi A, Mohammadian Mohammadi L. Study of mean synoptic patterns based on the occurrence of different concentrations of co-pollutants in summer and autumn in Tehran. 2010. Natural Geography Research, No. 72, pp. 111-128.27.
28. Ranjbar Saadatabadi A and Ghasabi Z. A study of the synoptic patterns on the days with sever air pollution in Tehran. Journal of Climate Research. 2011;1390; 1390(5): 40-56 (abstract in English).
29. Kheirandish Z, Bodagh Jamali J, Rayegani B. Identification of the best algorithm for dust detection using MODIS data. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards. 2016; 1397;7(15): 207-220. doi: 10.22111/jneh.2017.3363. (abstract in English)
30. Nikfal A, Ranjbar Saadatabadi A, Karami S, Sehatkashani S. Capabilities of the WRF-Chem model in estimating the concentration of dust – A case study of a dust storm in Tehran. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2015; 1396;15(1): 115-126. 15(1), pp. 115-126. (abstract in English)
31. Jones PD. Synoptic climatology in environmental analysis: A primer, Brent Yarnal, Belhaven Press (London), 1993. No. of pages: xv+ 195. Price:£ 37.50. ISBN 185293 1175. International Journal of Climatology. 1994 Jan;14(1):115.
32. Yarnal B, Draves JD. A synoptic climatology of stream flow and acidity. Clim. Res. 1993 Jul 27;2:193-202.
33. Yarnal B, White DA. Subjectivity in a computer‐assisted synoptic climatology I: classification results. Journal of Climatology. 1987 Mar;7(2):119-28.
34. Dayan U, Tubia A, Levy I. On the importance of synoptic classification methods with respect to environmental phenomena. International Journal of Climatology. 2012; 32(5): 681–694.
35. Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, Demuzere M, Ustrnul Z, Cahynová M, et al. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1146(1):105-52.
36. Frakes B, Yarnal B. A procedure for blending manual and correlation-based synoptic classifications. International Journal of Climatology, 1997; 17(13): 1381– 1396.
37. Kalthoff N, Bischoff-Gauss L, and Fiedler F. Regional effects of large-scale extreme wind events over orographically structured terrain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2003; 74(1–2): 53–67.
38. http://air.tehran.ir/
39. Compagnucci RH, Richman MB. Can principal component analysis provide atmospheric circulation or teleconnection patterns?. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2008 May;28(6):703-26.40.
40. Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, Demuzere M, Ustrnul Z, Cahynová M, et al. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1146(1):105-5240
41. Dee DP, Uppala SM, Simmons AJ, Berrisford P, Poli P, Kobayashi S, Andrae U, Balmaseda MA, Balsamo G, Bauer DP, Bechtold P. The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the royal meteorological society. 2011 Apr;137(656):553-97. doi:10.1002/qj.828
42. WWW.weather.uwyo.edu.
43. Schlemmer L, Martius O, Sprenger M, Schwierz C, Twitchett A. Disentangling the forcing mechanisms of a heavy precipitation event along the Alpine south side using potential vorticity inversion. Monthly weather review. 2010 Jun;138(6):2336-53.
2. Butt EW, Turnock ST, Rigby R, Reddington CL, Yoshioka M, Johnson JS, Regayre LA, Pringle KJ, Mann GW, Spracklen DV. Global and regional trends in particulate air pollution and attributable health burden over the past 50 years. Environmental Research Letters. 2017 Oct 18;12(10):104017.
3. Beelen R, Hoek G, van Den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA, Fischer P, Schouten LJ, Jerrett M, Hughes E, Armstrong B, Brunekreef B. Long-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on mortality in a Dutch cohort (NLCS-AIR study). Environmental health perspectives. 2008 Feb;116(2):196-202.
4. Feigin VL, Roth GA, Naghavi M, Parmar P, Krishnamurthi R, Chugh S, Mensah GA, Norrving B, Shiue I, Ng M, Estep K. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries, during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet Neurology. 2016 Aug 1;15(9):913-24.
5. Lanzinger S, Schneider A, Breitner S, Stafoggia M, Erzen I, Dostal M, Pastorkova A, Bastian S, Cyrys J, Zscheppang A, Kolodnitska T. Associations between ultrafine and fine particles and mortality in five central European cities—Results from the UFIREG study. Environment international. 2016 Mar 1;88:44-52.
6. Huang RJ, Zhang Y, Bozzetti C, Ho KF, Cao JJ, Han Y, Daellenbach KR, Slowik JG, Platt SM, Ganonaco F, Zotter P. 495 Haddad, ASH Prévôt. High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze event in China. Nature. 2014;514:218-22.
7. Spencer S. Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study: a personal reflection. Global Cardiology Science and Practice. 2013 Jul 1;2013(2):15.
8. Chen Z, Chen D, Zhao C, Kwan MP, Cai J, Zhuang Y, Zhao B, Wang X, Chen B, Yang J, Li R. Influence of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations across China: A review of methodology and mechanism. Environment international. 2020 Jun 1;139:105558.
9. Khansalari S, Ranjbar-Saadatabadi A, Mohammadian-Mohammadi L, Gozalkhoo M. Seasonal variability of atmospheric patterns leading to air pollution in the metropolis of Tehran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2019 Jun 29;4(2):109-20.
10. Khansalari S, Ghobadi N, Bidokhti A, Fazel-Rastgar F. Statistical classification of synoptic weather patterns associated with Tehran air pollution. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020 May 26;5(1):43-62.
11. Zheng C, Zhao C, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Shi X, Wu X, Chen T, Wu F, Qiu Y. Analysis of influential factors for the relationship between PM2.5 and AOD in Beijing. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017 Nov 13;17(21):13473-89.
12. Chen D, Xie X, Zhou Y, Lang J, Xu T, Yang N, Zhao Y, Liu X. Performance evaluation of the WRF-Chem model with different physical parameterization schemes during an extremely high PM2.5 pollution episode in Beijing. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2017 Jan;17(1):262-77.
13. Liao T, Wang S, Ai J, Gui K, Duan B, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Jiang W, Sun Y. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China). Science of the Total Environment. 2017 Apr 15;584:1056-65.
14. Yin Z, Wang H, Chen H. Understanding severe winter haze events in the North China Plain in 2014: roles of climate anomalies. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2017 Feb 2;17(3):1641-51.
15. Kallos G, Kassomenos P, Pielke RA. Synoptic and mesoscale weather conditions during air pollution episodes in Athens, Greece. InTransport and Diffusion in Turbulent Fields 1993 (pp. 163-184). Springer, Dordrecht.
16. He GX, Yu CW, Lu C, Deng QH. The influence of synoptic pattern and atmospheric boundary layer on PM10 and urban heat island. Indoor and Built Environment. 2013 Oct;22(5):796-807.
17. Fortelli A, Scafetta N, Mazzarella A. Influence of synoptic and local atmospheric patterns on PM10 air pollution levels: a model application to Naples (Italy). Atmospheric Environment. 2016 Oct 1;143:218-28.
18. Zeng S, Zhang Y. The effect of meteorological elements on continuing heavy air pollution: A case study in the Chengdu area during the 2014 spring festival. Atmosphere. 2017 Apr;8(4):71.
19. Zhang L, Yan W, Xie Z, Cai G, Mi W, Xu W. Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2020 Dec 1;98:103-8.
20. Reddy KK, Naja M, Ojha N, Mahesh P, Lal S. Influences of the boundary layer evolution on surface ozone variations at a tropical rural site in India. Journal of earth system science. 2012 Aug 1;121(4):911-22.
21. Rasmussen DJ, Fiore AM, Naik V, Horowitz LW, McGinnis SJ, Schultz MG. Surface ozone-temperature relationships in the eastern US: A monthly climatology for evaluating chemistry-climate models. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Feb 1;47:142-53.
22. Bloomer BJ, Dickerson RR, Vinnikov K. A chemical climatology and trend analysis of ozone and temperature over the eastern US. Atmos. Environ. 2010;44:2543-51.
23. Bloomer BJ, Stehr JW, Piety CA, Salawitch RJ, Dickerson RR. Observed relationships of ozone air pollution with temperature and emissions. Geophysical Research Letters. 2009 May;36(9).
24. Paulson SE, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part II: The ozone‐isoprene reaction. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics. 1992 Jan;24(1):103-25.
25. Abdi Vishkaee F, Flamant C, Cuesta J, Flamant P, Khalesifard HR. Multiplatform observations of dust vertical distribution during transport over northwest Iran in the summertime. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 2011 Mar 16;116(D5). doi:10.1029/2010jd014573.
26. Shariepour Z, Aliakbari Bidokhti A. An Investigation on the status of troposphere NO2 over Iran during 2004 to 2012. Journal of Environmental Studies. 2014 Apr 21;40(1):65-78.
27. Ranjbar Saadatabadi A, Mohammadian Mohammadi L. Study of mean synoptic patterns based on the occurrence of different concentrations of co-pollutants in summer and autumn in Tehran. 2010. Natural Geography Research, No. 72, pp. 111-128.27.
28. Ranjbar Saadatabadi A and Ghasabi Z. A study of the synoptic patterns on the days with sever air pollution in Tehran. Journal of Climate Research. 2011;1390; 1390(5): 40-56 (abstract in English).
29. Kheirandish Z, Bodagh Jamali J, Rayegani B. Identification of the best algorithm for dust detection using MODIS data. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards. 2016; 1397;7(15): 207-220. doi: 10.22111/jneh.2017.3363. (abstract in English)
30. Nikfal A, Ranjbar Saadatabadi A, Karami S, Sehatkashani S. Capabilities of the WRF-Chem model in estimating the concentration of dust – A case study of a dust storm in Tehran. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2015; 1396;15(1): 115-126. 15(1), pp. 115-126. (abstract in English)
31. Jones PD. Synoptic climatology in environmental analysis: A primer, Brent Yarnal, Belhaven Press (London), 1993. No. of pages: xv+ 195. Price:£ 37.50. ISBN 185293 1175. International Journal of Climatology. 1994 Jan;14(1):115.
32. Yarnal B, Draves JD. A synoptic climatology of stream flow and acidity. Clim. Res. 1993 Jul 27;2:193-202.
33. Yarnal B, White DA. Subjectivity in a computer‐assisted synoptic climatology I: classification results. Journal of Climatology. 1987 Mar;7(2):119-28.
34. Dayan U, Tubia A, Levy I. On the importance of synoptic classification methods with respect to environmental phenomena. International Journal of Climatology. 2012; 32(5): 681–694.
35. Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, Demuzere M, Ustrnul Z, Cahynová M, et al. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1146(1):105-52.
36. Frakes B, Yarnal B. A procedure for blending manual and correlation-based synoptic classifications. International Journal of Climatology, 1997; 17(13): 1381– 1396.
37. Kalthoff N, Bischoff-Gauss L, and Fiedler F. Regional effects of large-scale extreme wind events over orographically structured terrain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2003; 74(1–2): 53–67.
38. http://air.tehran.ir/
39. Compagnucci RH, Richman MB. Can principal component analysis provide atmospheric circulation or teleconnection patterns?. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 2008 May;28(6):703-26.40.
40. Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, Demuzere M, Ustrnul Z, Cahynová M, et al. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2008;1146(1):105-5240
41. Dee DP, Uppala SM, Simmons AJ, Berrisford P, Poli P, Kobayashi S, Andrae U, Balmaseda MA, Balsamo G, Bauer DP, Bechtold P. The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Quarterly Journal of the royal meteorological society. 2011 Apr;137(656):553-97. doi:10.1002/qj.828
42. WWW.weather.uwyo.edu.
43. Schlemmer L, Martius O, Sprenger M, Schwierz C, Twitchett A. Disentangling the forcing mechanisms of a heavy precipitation event along the Alpine south side using potential vorticity inversion. Monthly weather review. 2010 Jun;138(6):2336-53.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 1 (2021): Winter 2021 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v6i1.7605 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Atmospheric patterns; Air pollution; Greater Tehran; Standard air pollution index (PSI) | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Khansalari S, Fazel-Rastgar F, Mohammadian Mohammadi L, Gozalkhoo M. Clustering of different atmospheric patterns leading to an increase in different types of atmospheric pollutants in the greater Tehran area during the last 17 years (2004-2020). JAPH. 2021;6(1):54-71.
