Association between airborne particles and meteorological parameters in Arak industrial city
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Abstract
Introduction: By crossing the borders of cities and countries, air pollution is now a global problem so that it can be claimed that there is no sound and clean air. This study aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in the air of Arak city.
Materials and methods: In this study, Arak city was divided into three regions using geographic information system (GIS). Based on air pollution monitoring stations in Arak city, it was tried to select one station from each region for analysis. Meteorological parameters including temperature (°C), relative humidity (٪), precipitation (mm), and wind speed (m/s), were obtained from Arak Meteorological Organization. Finally, the association between the concentration of PM (PM2.5 and PM10) and meteorological parameters were evaluated by SPSS.
Results: Annual changes in PM (PM2.5 and PM10) showed that the average particle concentrations were 25.34 and 46.81 µg/m3 in the two study periods, respectively. It was also found that the citizens of Arak were 2.5 times more exposed to PM (PM2.5 and PM10) pollutants than the standard recommended by the World Health Organization. Our findings also showed strong positive linear correlations of wind velocity and temperature with PM2.5 and PM10, as well as relative humidity with PM10, and negative correlations of precipitation with PM2.5 and PM10, as well as relative humidity with PM2.5.
Conclusion: The distribution map of Arak city indicated that the citizens of Shariati station and the governorate office were facing high concentrations of pollutants, posing them to a serious threat. Moreover, more pollution was recorded toward the north and northwest of the city. To protect the health of citizens in Arak, therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies and rules to reduce the concentrations of PM and other pollutants in the air of this city.
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21. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Fanaei F, Arfaeinia H. Association between meteorological parameter and PM2.5 concentration in Karaj, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2020;9(1):4.
22. Tecer LH, Süren P, Alagha O, Karaca F, Tuncel G. Effect of meteorological parameters on fine and coarse particulate matter mass concentration in a coal-mining area in Zonguldak, Turkey. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2008;58(4):543-52.
23. Dominick D, Latif MT, Juahir H, Aris A, Zain S. An assessment of influence of meteorological factors on PM10 and NO2 at selected stations in Malaysia. Sustainable Environment Research. 2012;22(5):305-15.
24. Mostafavi SA, Safikhani H, Salehfard S. Air pollution distribution in Arak city considering the effects of neighboring pollutant industries and urban traffics. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. 2021;12(2):307-33.
25. Yang L, Wu Y, Davis JM, Hao J. Estimating the effects of meteorology on PM2.5 reduction during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China. 2011;5(3):331-41.
26. Asrari E, Paydar M. Investigation of the airborne particulate matter concentration trend changes in Mashhad by using meteorological data during 2010-2015. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2018;4(1):86-91.
27. Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, et al. Long-term trends and health impact of PM2.5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006–2015. Environment international. 2018;114:37-49.
28. Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Salmanzadeh S, Vosoughi M, Sahebalzamani M. The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran. Chronic Diseases Journal. 2015;3(1):14-20.
29. Abdolahnejad A, Jafari N, Mohammadi A, Miri M, Hajizadeh Y, Nikoonahad A. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of education and health promotion. 2017;6.
30. Miri M, Aval HE, Ehrampoush MH, Mohammadi A, Toolabi A, Nikonahad A, et al. Human health impact assessment of exposure to particulate matter: an AirQ software modeling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24(19):16513-9.
31. Wang J, Ogawa S. Effects of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations in Nagasaki, Japan. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(8):9089-101.
32. Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu J, Ying Q, Hu X-M. Relationships between meteorological parameters and criteria air pollutants in three megacities in China. Environmental research. 2015;140:242-54.
33. Santi D, Magnani E, Michelangeli M, Grassi R, Vecchi B, Pedroni G, et al. Seasonal variation of semen parameters correlates with environmental temperature and air pollution: A big data analysis over 6 years. Environmental Pollution. 2018;235:806-13.
34. Williamson SN, Hik DS, Gamon JA, Jarosch AH, Anslow FS, Clarke GK, et al. Spring and summer monthly MODIS LST is inherently biased compared to air temperature in snow covered sub-Arctic mountains. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2017;189:14-24.
35. Kermani M, Arfaeinia H, Masroor K, Abdolahnejad A, Fanaei F, Shahsavani A, et al. Health impacts and burden of disease attributed to long-term exposure to atmospheric PM10/PM2.5 in Karaj, Iran: effect of meteorological factors. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2020:1-17.
2. Rovira J, Domingo JL, Schuhmacher M. Air quality, health impacts and burden of disease due to air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3): Application of AirQ+ model to the Camp de Tarragona County (Catalonia, Spain). Science of The Total Environment. 2020;703:135538.
3. Heydari G, Ranjbar Vakilabadi D, Kermani M, Rayani M, Poureshgh Y, Behroozi M, et al. Load characteristics and inhalation risk assessment of benzene series (BTEX) pollutant in indoor air of Ghalyan and/or cigarette cafes compared to smoking-free cafes. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability. 2020;32(1):26-35.
4. Masroor K, Fanaei F, Yousefi S, Raeesi M, Abbaslou H, Shahsavani A, et al. Spatial modelling of PM2. 5 concentrations in Tehran using Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) methods. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020;5(2):89-96.
5. Isen A, Rossin-Slater M, Walker WR. Every breath you take—every dollar you’ll make: The long-term consequences of the clean air act of 1970. Journal of Political Economy. 2017;125(3):848-902.
6. Vahidi MH, Fanaei F, Kermani M. Long-term health impact assessment of PM2.5 and PM10: Karaj, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2020;9(1):8.
7. Loomis D, Huang W, Chen G. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluation of the carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution: focus on China. Chinese journal of cancer. 2014;33(4):189.
8. Hosseini V, Shahbazi H. Urban air pollution in Iran. Iranian Studies. 2016;49(6):1029-46.
9. Hajizadeh Y, Jafari N, Fanaei F, Ghanbari R, Mohammadi A, Behnami A, et al. Spatial patterns and temporal variations of traffic-related air pollutants and estimating its health effects in Isfahan city, Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2021:1-11.
10. Bayat R, Ashrafi K, Motlagh MS, Hassanvand MS, Daroudi R, Fink G, et al. Health impact and related cost of ambient air pollution in Tehran. Environmental research. 2019;176:108547.
11. Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A, Gholami M, Taghizadeh F, Masroor K, Abdolahnejad A, et al. Characterisation of PM2.5–bound PAHs in outdoor air of Karaj megacity: the effect of meteorological factors. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2021:1-19.
12. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Arfaeinia H, Yousefi M, Shahsavani A, et al. Spatio-seasonal variation, distribution, levels, and risk assessment of airborne asbestos concentration in the most industrial city of Iran: effect of meteorological factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28(13):16434-46.
13. Asl FB, Leili M, Vaziri Y, Arian SS, Cristaldi A, Conti GO, et al. Health impacts quantification of ambient air pollutants using AirQ model approach in Hamadan, Iran. Environmental research. 2018;161:114-21.
14. Pascal M, Corso M, Chanel O, Declercq C, Badaloni C, Cesaroni G, et al. Assessing the public health impacts of urban air pollution in 25 European cities: results of the Aphekom project. Science of the Total Environment. 2013;449:390-400.
15. Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. The Lancet. 2017;389(10082):1907-18.
16. Dastoorpoor M, Riahi A, Yazdaninejhad H, Borsi SH, Khanjani N, Khodadadi N, et al. Exposure to particulate matter and carbon monoxide and cause-specific Cardiovascular-Respiratory disease mortality in Ahvaz. Toxin Reviews. 2020:1-11.
17. Fanaei F, Ghorbanian A, Shahsavani A, Jafari AJ, Abdolahnejad A, Kermani M. Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020;5(3):171-80.
18. Vahedian M, Khanjani N, Mirzaee M, Koolivand A. Ambient air pollution and daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in Arak, Iran. ARYA atherosclerosis. 2017;13(3):117.
19. Ansari M, Ehrampoush MH. Meteorological correlates and AirQ+ health risk assessment of ambient fine particulate matter in Tehran, Iran. Environmental research. 2019;170:141-50.
20. Kermani M, Jafari A, Gholami M, Arfaeinia H, Shahsavani A, Norouzian A, et al. Investigation of relationship between particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological parameters in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of Air Pollution and Health. 2020.
21. Kermani M, Jafari AJ, Gholami M, Fanaei F, Arfaeinia H. Association between meteorological parameter and PM2.5 concentration in Karaj, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering. 2020;9(1):4.
22. Tecer LH, Süren P, Alagha O, Karaca F, Tuncel G. Effect of meteorological parameters on fine and coarse particulate matter mass concentration in a coal-mining area in Zonguldak, Turkey. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2008;58(4):543-52.
23. Dominick D, Latif MT, Juahir H, Aris A, Zain S. An assessment of influence of meteorological factors on PM10 and NO2 at selected stations in Malaysia. Sustainable Environment Research. 2012;22(5):305-15.
24. Mostafavi SA, Safikhani H, Salehfard S. Air pollution distribution in Arak city considering the effects of neighboring pollutant industries and urban traffics. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. 2021;12(2):307-33.
25. Yang L, Wu Y, Davis JM, Hao J. Estimating the effects of meteorology on PM2.5 reduction during the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing, China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China. 2011;5(3):331-41.
26. Asrari E, Paydar M. Investigation of the airborne particulate matter concentration trend changes in Mashhad by using meteorological data during 2010-2015. Journal of Research in Environmental Health. 2018;4(1):86-91.
27. Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, et al. Long-term trends and health impact of PM2.5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006–2015. Environment international. 2018;114:37-49.
28. Goudarzi G, Geravandi S, Mohammadi MJ, Salmanzadeh S, Vosoughi M, Sahebalzamani M. The relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, Iran. Chronic Diseases Journal. 2015;3(1):14-20.
29. Abdolahnejad A, Jafari N, Mohammadi A, Miri M, Hajizadeh Y, Nikoonahad A. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and total mortality ascribed to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of education and health promotion. 2017;6.
30. Miri M, Aval HE, Ehrampoush MH, Mohammadi A, Toolabi A, Nikonahad A, et al. Human health impact assessment of exposure to particulate matter: an AirQ software modeling. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2017;24(19):16513-9.
31. Wang J, Ogawa S. Effects of meteorological conditions on PM2.5 concentrations in Nagasaki, Japan. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2015;12(8):9089-101.
32. Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu J, Ying Q, Hu X-M. Relationships between meteorological parameters and criteria air pollutants in three megacities in China. Environmental research. 2015;140:242-54.
33. Santi D, Magnani E, Michelangeli M, Grassi R, Vecchi B, Pedroni G, et al. Seasonal variation of semen parameters correlates with environmental temperature and air pollution: A big data analysis over 6 years. Environmental Pollution. 2018;235:806-13.
34. Williamson SN, Hik DS, Gamon JA, Jarosch AH, Anslow FS, Clarke GK, et al. Spring and summer monthly MODIS LST is inherently biased compared to air temperature in snow covered sub-Arctic mountains. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2017;189:14-24.
35. Kermani M, Arfaeinia H, Masroor K, Abdolahnejad A, Fanaei F, Shahsavani A, et al. Health impacts and burden of disease attributed to long-term exposure to atmospheric PM10/PM2.5 in Karaj, Iran: effect of meteorological factors. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2020:1-17.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6 No 1 (2021): Winter 2021 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v6i1.7604 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Air pollution; Meteorological parameters; Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ); Particulate matter 10 (PM10); Arak city | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mir Hosseini H, Salehi M, Karimi B, Almasi Hashiani A. Association between airborne particles and meteorological parameters in Arak industrial city. JAPH. 2021;6(1):42-53.
