Impact of suspending traffic management plan in Tehran on air quality and COVID-19 mortality and morbidity
-
Masoumeh Rahmatinia
,
Anooshiravan Mohseni Bandpey
,
Abbas Shahsavani
,
Mostafa Hadei
,
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
,
Alireza Raeisi
,
Vajeh Hasanzadeh
,
Alireza Zali
,
Maryam Yarahmadi
,
Majid Kermani
,
Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh
,
Zahra Namvar
,
Shahriyar Bazzazpour
Abstract
Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019, namely COVID-19, has been known as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To prevent of COVID-19 spread, most countries including Iran have implemented many preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementation /non- implementation of the traffic plan on confirmed cases, suspected cases, and mortality cases by COVID-19 as well as on air quality in Tehran.
Materials and methods: Daily data of confirmed COVID-19 cases, suspected COVID-19 cases, mortality COVID-19 cases, air pollutants concentration and meteorological variables were obtained from 26 February, 2020 to 5August, 2020 in Tehran megacity and data were compared during the period’s implementation / non-implementation of traffic plan in Tehran.
Results: Our results showed that the non-implementation of traffic plan has been effective in reducing the number of daily confirmed cases, suspected cases and mortality by COVID-19. Also, the average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2 and CO have reduced significantly during non-implementation traffic plan phase.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is a significant association between non-implementation traffic plan and reduce risk of COVID-19 infection.
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2. Lau H, Khosrawipour V, Kocbach P, Mikolajczyk A, Ichii H, Zacharksi M et al. The association between international and domestic air traffic and the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020.
3. Huang Z, Zhao S, Li Z, Chen W, Zhao L, Deng L et al. The Battle Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Emergency Management and Infection Control in a Radiology Department. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2020;17(6):710-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.011.
4. Yongjian Z, Jingu X, Fengming H, Liqing C. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. Science of the total environment. 2020:138704.
5. Barcelo D. An environmental and health perspective for COVID-19 outbreak: Meteorology and air quality influence, sewage epidemiology indicator, hospitals disinfection, drug therapies and recommendations. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020:104006.
6. Chan JF-W, Yuan S, Kok K-H, To KK-W, Chu H, Yang J et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23.
7. Ghinai I, McPherson TD, Hunter JC, Kirking HL, Christiansen D, Joshi K et al. First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA. The Lancet. 2020.
8. Isaifan R. The dramatic impact of Coronavirus outbreak on air quality: Has it saved as much as it has killed so far? Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management. 2020;6(3):275-88.
9. Klompas M. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): protecting hospitals from the invisible. American College of Physicians; 2020.
10. Nobel YR, Phipps M, Zucker J, Lebwohl B, Wang TC, Sobieszczyk ME et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms and coronavirus disease 2019: a case-control study from the United States. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(1):373-5. e2.
11. Takian A, Raoofi A, Kazempour-Ardebili S. COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10229):1035.
12. Raoofi A, Takian A, Sari AA, Olyaeemanesh A, Haghighi H, Aarabi M. COVID-19 pandemic and comparative health policy learning in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2020;23(4):220-34.
13. Faridi S, Yousefian F, Niazi S, Ghalhari MR, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on ambient air particulate matter in Tehran. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2020;20.
14. Shamsipour M, Hassanvand MS, Gohari K, Yunesian M, Fotouhi A, Naddafi K et al. National and sub-national exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its attributable burden of disease in Iran from 1990 to 2016. Environmental Pollution. 2019;255:113173. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113173.
15. Salarvandian F, Dijst M, Helbich M. Impact of traffic zones on mobility behavior in Tehran, Iran. Journal of transport and land use. 2017;10(1):965-82.
16. Tayarani Yousefabadi A, Mahpour A, Farzin I, Mohammadian Amiri A. The Assessment of the Change in the Share of Public Transportation by Applying Demand Management Policies: Evidence from Extending Traffic Restriction to the Air Pollution Control Area in Tehran. AUT Journal of Civil Engineering. 2020.
17. Tehran Air Quality Control Company http://airnow.tehran.ir/.
18. Iran Meteorological Organization. https://www.irimo.ir/.
19. Heger M, Sarraf M. Air pollution in Tehran: health costs, sources, and policies. World Bank; 2018.
20. Figueiredo A, Daponte Codina A, Figueiredo M, Saez M, Cabrera León A. Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 incidence and mortality in China: an interrupted time series study. Bull World Health Organ. 2020.
21. Xu Q, Li X, Wang S, Wang C, Huang F, Gao Q et al. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for respiratory disease in urban areas in Beijing, China, in 2013. PLoS one. 2016;11(4):e0153099.
22. Horne BD, Joy EA, Hofmann MG, Gesteland PH, Cannon JB, Lefler JS et al. Short-term elevation of fine particulate matter air pollution and acute lower respiratory infection. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2018;198(6):759-66.
23. Kerimray A, Baimatova N, Ibragimova OP, Bukenov B, Kenessov B, Plotitsyn P et al. Assessing air quality changes in large cities during COVID-19 lockdowns: The impacts of traffic-free urban conditions in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Science of the Total Environment. 2020:139179.
24. Kumari P, Toshniwal D. Impact of lockdown measures during COVID-19 on air quality–A case study of India. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2020:1-8.
25. Sudalma S, Purwanto P, Santoso LW. The effect of SO2 and NO2 from transportation and stationary emissions sources to SO42− and NO3− in rain water in Semarang. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2015;23:247-52.
26. Lian X, Huang J, Huang R, Liu C, Wang L, Zhang T. Impact of city lockdown on the air quality of COVID-19-hit of Wuhan city. Science of the Total Environment. 2020;742:140556.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5 No 3 (2020): Summer 2020 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v5i3.5388 | |
| Keywords | ||
| COVID-19; Air quality; Coronavirus; Traffic plan; Tehran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Rahmatinia M, Mohseni Bandpey A, Shahsavani A, Hadei M, Jonidi Jafari A, Raeisi A, Hasanzadeh V, Zali A, Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Amouei Torkmahalleh M, Namvar Z, Bazzazpour S. Impact of suspending traffic management plan in Tehran on air quality and COVID-19 mortality and morbidity. JAPH. 2020;5(3):153-162.
