Estimation of indoor radiological hazard on worker and public health in atomic energy centre Dhaka campus, Bangladesh
-
Mohammad Sohelur Rahman
,
Md. Rafiqul Islam
,
Khondokar Nazmus Sakib
,
Md. Mohiuddin Tasnim
,
Selina Yeasmin
Abstract
Introduction: Radiation gives tremendous benefit to mankind but unnecessary radiation may pose harm to worker and public. The purpose of the study
is to continuous indoor radiation monitoring of Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD) campus to minimize the radiological risk on worker and public
health in and around the campus.
Materials and methods: Continuous indoor radiation monitoring was conducted in the AECD campus from November 2018-April 2019 using the
Thermoluminescent dosimeters. The excess life-time cancer risk on worker
and public health were estimated based on the continuous indoor radiation
monitoring data.
Results: The annual effective doses to the worker and public from indoor radiation were ranged from 0.28±0.11 mSv to 0.67±0.25 mSv and the mean was
found to be 0.43±0.10 mSv. The excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) on the
radiation worker & public health were estimated based on the annual effective dose and ranged from 1.13 Χ 10-3 to 2.65 Χ 10-3 with an average of 1.72
Χ 10-3.The average annual effective dose and ELCR on worker and public
health were lower than those of the worldwide average values.
Conclusion: The radiological hazard on worker and public health in and
around the AECD campus is not significant because those values are lower
than the recommended values of the international commission on radiological
protection. Monitoring of these indoor places would help in keeping a record
of safe working practices during the handling of the radioactive substances
and radiation generating equipments in a radiological facility.
1. . Eslami A, Shahsavani A, Saghi MH, Akhoondi L,
Goorani A. Outdoor gamma radiation measurement in
order to estimate the annual effective dose and excess
lifetime cancer risk for residents of Tehran, Iran. J. Air
Pollut. Health. 2017; 1(4):243-250.
2. Eslami A, Saghi MH, Rastegar A. Assessment of background gamma radiation and determination of excess
lifetime cancer risk in Sabzebar city, Iran in 2014. Tehran Univ. Med. J. 2016;73(10):751-755.
3. Charles M, UNSCEAR Report, “Sources and Effects of
Ionizing Radiation,” J. Radiol. Prot. 2000;21:83-86.
4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR): Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation.
Atlanta, GA: US, Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service. 1999.
5. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report, “Sources and
Effects of Ionizing Radiation,” Annex A: Dose assessment methodologies, New York, USA, Vol.1. 2000.
6. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report to the General
Assembly, Volume 1, pp.260, New York, USA. 2008.
7. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report to the General
Assembly. Ionizing radiation: sources and biological effects, New York, USA. 1982.
8. Taskin H, Karavus M, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Hidiroglu S, Karahan G. Radionuclides concentrations in
soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. J. Environ. Radioact.
2009;100(1):49-53.
9. Al-Saleh FS. Measurement of indoor gamma radiation
and radon concentrations in dwellings of Riyadh City,
Saudi Arabia. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2007; 65:843-848.
10. Al-Ghorable FH. Measurement of environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in three mountainous
locations in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Environ. Res. 2005; 98:160-166.
11. Arvela H. Population distribution of doses from natural
radiation in Finland. Int. Congr. Ser. 2002;1225:9-14.
12. Rybach L, Bachler D, Bucher B, Schwarz G. Radiation
doses of Swiss population from external sources. J. Environ. Radiat. 2002; 62:277-286.
13. Sagnatchi F, Salouti M, Eslami A. Assessment of annual effective dose due to natural gamma radiation in
Zanjan (Iran). Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2008;132:346-349.
14. Tavakoli MB. Annual background radiation in the city
of Isfahan. Med. Sci. Monit. 2003;9:7-10.
15. Svoukis E, Tsertos H. Indoor and outdoor In situ highresolution gamma radiation measurements in urban area
of Cyprus. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2007;123(3):384-390.
16. Rangaswamy R, Srinivasa E, Srilatha MC, Sannappa J.
Measurement of terrestrial gamma radiation dose and
evaluation of annual effective dose in Shimoga District
of Karnataka State, India. Radiation Protection and Environment. 2005;38(4):154-159.
17. Ononugbo CP, Avwiri GO, Tutumeni G. Estimation of
indoor and outdoor effective doses from gamma dose
rates of residential building in emelogu village in rivers
state, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Pure
and Applied Physics. 2015;3(2):18-27.
18. Alasadi AH, Alaboodi AS, Alasadi LA, Abojassim AA.
Survey of absorbed dose rates in air of Buildings Agriculture and Sciences in University of Kufa at Al-Najaf
Governorate, Iraq. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2016;8(4):1388-1392.
19. United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation, “Sources and Biological Effects of
Ionizing Radiation,” (Report to the General Assembly)
New York, United Nations. 2008.
20. Harshaw Model 4500, Manual TLD Workstation Operator’s Manual (Cochran Road, Solon, Ohio) (Pub. No.
4500-0-O-0598-002, 6801); 2007.
21. IAEA-International Atomic Energy Agency. Assessment of occupational exposures due to external sources
of radiation. Safety Guides Series No. RS-G-1.3, (Vienna, IAEA);1999.
22. ICRP-International Commission on Radiological Protection. General Principles for the radiation protection
of workers, First edn. Annals of the ICRP 27 (1), Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York;1997.
23. http://en.worldstat.info/Asia/Bangladesh (accessed
date: 15 June 2020).
24. ICRP. Recommendations of the ICRP: Annals of the
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) (Vol. 37, pp.2-4); 2007.
25. Hashemi M, Akhoondi L, Saghi MH, Eslami A. Assessment of indoor gamma radiation and determination
of excess lifetime cancer risk in Tehran in winter and
spring 2017. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2019;184(2):148-
154.
26.James IU, Moses IF, Vandi JN, Ikoh UE. Measurement
of indoor and outdoor background ionising radiation
levels of Kwali General Hospital, Abuja. J. Appl. Sci.
Environ. Manage. 2015;19(1):89-93.
27. Zarghani H, Jafari R. Assessment of outdoor and indoor background gamma radiation, the annual effective
dose and excess lifetime cancer risk in Birjand, Iran.
Jundishapur J. Health. Sci. 2017;9(3):1-4. doi: 10.5812/
jjhs.40791
28. Abdullahi S, Ismail AF, Samat S. Determination of indoor doses and excess lifetime cancer risks caused by
building materials containing natural radionuclides in
Malaysia. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2019;
51: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.09.017
29. Monica S, Visnu PAK, Soniya SR, Jojo PJ. Estimation
of indoor and outdoor effective doses and lifetime cancer risk from gamma dose rates along the coastal regions of Kollam District, Kerala. Radiat. Prot. Environ.
2016;39:38-43. doi: 10.4103/0972-0464.185180
30. Bellia S, Basile S, Brai M, Hauser S, Puccio P, Rizzio
S. Seasonal variation of air karma in the Vulcano
Porto area (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2001;54:701-706. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(00)00306-
7
31. Stranden E, Kolstad AK, Lind B. The influence of moisture and temperature on radon exhalation. Radiat. Prot.
Dosim. 1985;7:55-58.
32. Chandrashekara MS, Sannappa J, Paramesh I. Studies on atmospheric electrical conductivity related to
radon its progeny in the lower atmosphere at Mysore.
Atoms Environ. 2006;40:87-95. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.026
33. Ononugbo CP, Avwiri GO, Tutumeni G. Estimation of
indoor and outdoor effective doses from gamma dose
rates of residential buildings in emelogu village in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of
Pure and Applied Physics. 2015; 3(2):18-27.
34. Etuk S E, Antia A D, Agbasi OE. Assessment and evaluation of excess lifetime cancer risk for occupants of
university of Uyo permanent campus, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Research. 2017; 5(1):28-35.
doi: 10.14419/ijpr.v5i1.7564
35. Qureshi A A, Tariq S, Din KU, Manzoor S, Calligaris C,
Waheed A. Evaluation of excess lifetime cancer risk due
to natural radioactivity in the rivers sediments of northern Pakistan. J. Radiat. Res. and Appl. Sci. 2014;7:438-
447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.07.008
36. Mohammed RS, Ahmed RS. Estimation of excess
lifetime cancer risk and radiation hazard indices in
Southern Iraq. Environ. Earth. Sci. 2017;76:303. DOI
10.1007/s12665-017-6616-7
37. Rafique M, Rahman S, Basharat M, Aziz W, Ahmad I,
Lone K A, Ahmad K, Matiullah. Evaluation of excess
lifetime cancer risk from gamma dose rates Jhelum Valley. J. Radiat. Res. and Appl. Sci. 2014;7:29-35. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.005
38. Murugesan S, Mullainathan S, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V. Environmental radioactivity, magnetic measurements and mineral analysis of major
south Indian river sediments. J. Mater. Environ. Sci.
2016;7(7):2375-2388.
39. Avwiri GO, Ekpo J, Chad-Umoren YE. Occupational
hazards from outdoor and indoor radiation in oil fields
facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Asian of Physical
and Chemical Sciences. 2019; 7(4):1-7. DOI: 10.9734/
AJOPACS/2019/v7i430099
40. Ali M, Bano S, Qureshi JA, Wasim M, Khan G, Begum
F, Alam M. Indoor and outdoor gamma radiation level
in mud and concrete houses and the annual effective
dose and excess lifetime cancer risk in Gahkuch Ghizer valley of Hindukush Range. Journal of Himalayan
Earth Sciences. 2019; 52(2):177-184.
41. Kassi B, Boukhair A, Azkour K, Fahad M, Benjelloun
M, Nourreddine AM. Assessment of exposure due to
technologically enhanced natural radioactivity in various samples of Moroccan building materials. World
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2018;
8:176-189. DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2018.84015.
Goorani A. Outdoor gamma radiation measurement in
order to estimate the annual effective dose and excess
lifetime cancer risk for residents of Tehran, Iran. J. Air
Pollut. Health. 2017; 1(4):243-250.
2. Eslami A, Saghi MH, Rastegar A. Assessment of background gamma radiation and determination of excess
lifetime cancer risk in Sabzebar city, Iran in 2014. Tehran Univ. Med. J. 2016;73(10):751-755.
3. Charles M, UNSCEAR Report, “Sources and Effects of
Ionizing Radiation,” J. Radiol. Prot. 2000;21:83-86.
4. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
(ATSDR): Toxicological profile for ionizing radiation.
Atlanta, GA: US, Department of Health and Human
Services, Public Health Service. 1999.
5. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report, “Sources and
Effects of Ionizing Radiation,” Annex A: Dose assessment methodologies, New York, USA, Vol.1. 2000.
6. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report to the General
Assembly, Volume 1, pp.260, New York, USA. 2008.
7. United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of
atomic radiation (UNSCEAR) Report to the General
Assembly. Ionizing radiation: sources and biological effects, New York, USA. 1982.
8. Taskin H, Karavus M, Ay P, Topuzoglu A, Hidiroglu S, Karahan G. Radionuclides concentrations in
soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey. J. Environ. Radioact.
2009;100(1):49-53.
9. Al-Saleh FS. Measurement of indoor gamma radiation
and radon concentrations in dwellings of Riyadh City,
Saudi Arabia. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2007; 65:843-848.
10. Al-Ghorable FH. Measurement of environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in three mountainous
locations in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Environ. Res. 2005; 98:160-166.
11. Arvela H. Population distribution of doses from natural
radiation in Finland. Int. Congr. Ser. 2002;1225:9-14.
12. Rybach L, Bachler D, Bucher B, Schwarz G. Radiation
doses of Swiss population from external sources. J. Environ. Radiat. 2002; 62:277-286.
13. Sagnatchi F, Salouti M, Eslami A. Assessment of annual effective dose due to natural gamma radiation in
Zanjan (Iran). Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2008;132:346-349.
14. Tavakoli MB. Annual background radiation in the city
of Isfahan. Med. Sci. Monit. 2003;9:7-10.
15. Svoukis E, Tsertos H. Indoor and outdoor In situ highresolution gamma radiation measurements in urban area
of Cyprus. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2007;123(3):384-390.
16. Rangaswamy R, Srinivasa E, Srilatha MC, Sannappa J.
Measurement of terrestrial gamma radiation dose and
evaluation of annual effective dose in Shimoga District
of Karnataka State, India. Radiation Protection and Environment. 2005;38(4):154-159.
17. Ononugbo CP, Avwiri GO, Tutumeni G. Estimation of
indoor and outdoor effective doses from gamma dose
rates of residential building in emelogu village in rivers
state, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Pure
and Applied Physics. 2015;3(2):18-27.
18. Alasadi AH, Alaboodi AS, Alasadi LA, Abojassim AA.
Survey of absorbed dose rates in air of Buildings Agriculture and Sciences in University of Kufa at Al-Najaf
Governorate, Iraq. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2016;8(4):1388-1392.
19. United Nation Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation, “Sources and Biological Effects of
Ionizing Radiation,” (Report to the General Assembly)
New York, United Nations. 2008.
20. Harshaw Model 4500, Manual TLD Workstation Operator’s Manual (Cochran Road, Solon, Ohio) (Pub. No.
4500-0-O-0598-002, 6801); 2007.
21. IAEA-International Atomic Energy Agency. Assessment of occupational exposures due to external sources
of radiation. Safety Guides Series No. RS-G-1.3, (Vienna, IAEA);1999.
22. ICRP-International Commission on Radiological Protection. General Principles for the radiation protection
of workers, First edn. Annals of the ICRP 27 (1), Pergamon Press, Oxford and New York;1997.
23. http://en.worldstat.info/Asia/Bangladesh (accessed
date: 15 June 2020).
24. ICRP. Recommendations of the ICRP: Annals of the
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) (Vol. 37, pp.2-4); 2007.
25. Hashemi M, Akhoondi L, Saghi MH, Eslami A. Assessment of indoor gamma radiation and determination
of excess lifetime cancer risk in Tehran in winter and
spring 2017. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 2019;184(2):148-
154.
26.James IU, Moses IF, Vandi JN, Ikoh UE. Measurement
of indoor and outdoor background ionising radiation
levels of Kwali General Hospital, Abuja. J. Appl. Sci.
Environ. Manage. 2015;19(1):89-93.
27. Zarghani H, Jafari R. Assessment of outdoor and indoor background gamma radiation, the annual effective
dose and excess lifetime cancer risk in Birjand, Iran.
Jundishapur J. Health. Sci. 2017;9(3):1-4. doi: 10.5812/
jjhs.40791
28. Abdullahi S, Ismail AF, Samat S. Determination of indoor doses and excess lifetime cancer risks caused by
building materials containing natural radionuclides in
Malaysia. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2019;
51: 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.net.2018.09.017
29. Monica S, Visnu PAK, Soniya SR, Jojo PJ. Estimation
of indoor and outdoor effective doses and lifetime cancer risk from gamma dose rates along the coastal regions of Kollam District, Kerala. Radiat. Prot. Environ.
2016;39:38-43. doi: 10.4103/0972-0464.185180
30. Bellia S, Basile S, Brai M, Hauser S, Puccio P, Rizzio
S. Seasonal variation of air karma in the Vulcano
Porto area (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2001;54:701-706. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(00)00306-
7
31. Stranden E, Kolstad AK, Lind B. The influence of moisture and temperature on radon exhalation. Radiat. Prot.
Dosim. 1985;7:55-58.
32. Chandrashekara MS, Sannappa J, Paramesh I. Studies on atmospheric electrical conductivity related to
radon its progeny in the lower atmosphere at Mysore.
Atoms Environ. 2006;40:87-95. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.026
33. Ononugbo CP, Avwiri GO, Tutumeni G. Estimation of
indoor and outdoor effective doses from gamma dose
rates of residential buildings in emelogu village in Rivers State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of
Pure and Applied Physics. 2015; 3(2):18-27.
34. Etuk S E, Antia A D, Agbasi OE. Assessment and evaluation of excess lifetime cancer risk for occupants of
university of Uyo permanent campus, Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Research. 2017; 5(1):28-35.
doi: 10.14419/ijpr.v5i1.7564
35. Qureshi A A, Tariq S, Din KU, Manzoor S, Calligaris C,
Waheed A. Evaluation of excess lifetime cancer risk due
to natural radioactivity in the rivers sediments of northern Pakistan. J. Radiat. Res. and Appl. Sci. 2014;7:438-
447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.07.008
36. Mohammed RS, Ahmed RS. Estimation of excess
lifetime cancer risk and radiation hazard indices in
Southern Iraq. Environ. Earth. Sci. 2017;76:303. DOI
10.1007/s12665-017-6616-7
37. Rafique M, Rahman S, Basharat M, Aziz W, Ahmad I,
Lone K A, Ahmad K, Matiullah. Evaluation of excess
lifetime cancer risk from gamma dose rates Jhelum Valley. J. Radiat. Res. and Appl. Sci. 2014;7:29-35. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2013.11.005
38. Murugesan S, Mullainathan S, Ramasamy V, Meenakshisundaram V. Environmental radioactivity, magnetic measurements and mineral analysis of major
south Indian river sediments. J. Mater. Environ. Sci.
2016;7(7):2375-2388.
39. Avwiri GO, Ekpo J, Chad-Umoren YE. Occupational
hazards from outdoor and indoor radiation in oil fields
facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Asian of Physical
and Chemical Sciences. 2019; 7(4):1-7. DOI: 10.9734/
AJOPACS/2019/v7i430099
40. Ali M, Bano S, Qureshi JA, Wasim M, Khan G, Begum
F, Alam M. Indoor and outdoor gamma radiation level
in mud and concrete houses and the annual effective
dose and excess lifetime cancer risk in Gahkuch Ghizer valley of Hindukush Range. Journal of Himalayan
Earth Sciences. 2019; 52(2):177-184.
41. Kassi B, Boukhair A, Azkour K, Fahad M, Benjelloun
M, Nourreddine AM. Assessment of exposure due to
technologically enhanced natural radioactivity in various samples of Moroccan building materials. World
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. 2018;
8:176-189. DOI: 10.4236/wjnst.2018.84015.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 5 No 4 (2020): Autumn 2020 | |
| Section | Original Research | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/japh.v5i4.6443 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Radiation; Atomic energy centre Dhaka (AECD); Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD); Effective dose; Excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Rahman MS, Islam MR, Sakib KN, Tasnim MM, Yeasmin S. Estimation of indoor radiological hazard on worker and public health in atomic energy centre Dhaka campus, Bangladesh. JAPH. 2021;5(4):223-232.
