Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 12 11 79 90 Reshma Sunkur Department of Environment, Science and Social Sustainability, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius, La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables, Mauritiusn Kushal Naiko Department of Environment, Science and Social Sustainability, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius, La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables, Mauritiusn Ajay Agundhooa Department of Environment, Science and Social Sustainability, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius, La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables, Mauritiusn Rischay Jhugroo Department of Environment, Science and Social Sustainability, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius, La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables, Mauritiusn Chandradeo Bokhoree Department of Environment, Science and Social Sustainability, School of Sustainable Development and Tourism, University of Technology, Mauritius, La Tour Koenig, Pointe aux Sables, Mauritiusn 2021 09 30 2021 12 04 Introduction: Land transportation encompasses the movement of people and goods and is therefore a major contributor of global greenhouses gases. The main share of such emissions is mostly from the release of carbon dioxide into the air as a result of burning transportation fuels obtained from petroleum, a major driver of climate change. While today the defining issue is a changing climate, the number of vehicles on roads keep on rising around the world. Materials and methods: This study assessed the relationship between land transportation and climate change using a system dynamics model based on a 3-layered taxonomy using Mauritius Island as case study. Over 100 papers were analyzed and the variables that link land transportation and climate change in the Mauritian context were selected and a taxonomy divided into sub-units was built. Results: This innovative taxonomy was divided into 3 sections related to the land transportation sector including a vehicle layer, transport system layer and society layer. Using these variables, three stock and flow diagrams were constructed on Vensim, namely climate change impacts, transport related carbon dioxide and socio-economic models. Conclusion: While there is a complex relationship between land transportation and climate change globally, Mauritius must find ways to become more climate friendly in the land transportation sector. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/301 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/301/276

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 12 11 91 100 Davood Jalili Deputy of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz ,Iran Alireza Mahmoodi Deputy of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran Asghar Tavasolifar Deputy of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Sajed Saeidi Department of Environment, School of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Yaser Jalilpoor Deputy of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 2021 10 26 2021 11 10 Introduction: One of the effects of air pollution in the community was increasing mortality rate. Determination of contamination was the first step in improving the existing conditions. Therefore, the way of pollutants distribution and the timing and spatial changes were important. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of Parental Emissions (PE) of Isfahan steel company using AERMOD. Materials and methods: In this research, the distribution of suspended particles of the Isfahan steel company were modeled in the AERMOD for 1 h, 24 h and yearly average (30×30 km2 ), then the comparison of the average concentrations modeled with air standards clean country and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional risk maps were provided in Arc GIS. Results: The prediction of the distribution of 24-h mean concentrations indicated that the maximum value for the 24-h average was equal to 8.52 EPA and 25.25 times, the standard Iran's clean air. Also, the prediction of the distribution of average annual concentrations indicated that the maximum value for the average annual time was 91.1 times, the EPA standard and 4.78% higher than Iran's clean air standard. Conclusion: Health risk maps show that the risk spot was not regional in the direction of the region's wind and topography of the region was the main factor in the distribution of risky spots in the region. Legitimate use of the AERMOD could be useful in managing, controlling, and evaluating air pollutants especially in industrial units of the country https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/308 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/308/277

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 12 11 101 116 EN Sheida Malekafzali Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Jozi Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Morteza Kashefiolasl Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Zarimdar Department of Environment, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Shati Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 07 21 2021 11 10 Introduction: This study provides a scientometric analysis of the health impact assessment within AirQ between 2005 and 2019, which are listed in the web science databases. Studies have been conducted in various indexed journals, researchers in World Health Organization (WHO) regional areas on product articles, international collaboration, and citation and keyword analysis. Materials and methods: Bibliographic records of research publications and articles were found and after screening process were input to study plan. The authors compared the growth of article that was published in this period time, conducted a citation and co-authorship analysis, and keywords co-occurrences relationship by publication using the scientometric visualization, VOSviewer. Results: The AirQ applying tool in research literature has seen most increase in 2017 production over the study period. Contributions by authors affiliated with WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) account for the most research literature. Most of studies focus on particles Particulate Matter with diameter <10 µm (PM10) and Particulate Matter with diameter <2.5µm (PM2.5) and according to total mortality and in hospital admission, Respiratory Disease (RD) and Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) are most commonly. Conclusion: All potential of AirQ has not been used in studies. Despite all function its scope is limited to several countries in the WHO regions. Implementation of “Driving Force, Pressure, State, Exposure, Effect, and Action” (DPSEEA) conceptual model need some evidence that AirQ can achieve and estimate Health Impact Assessment (HIA) but we didn’t find any articles that work on intervention by it on policy makers and management programs. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/279 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/279/278

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 12 11 117 134 EN Yi Yang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P R China Tianxiao Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P R China Haiying Xie Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P R China Xiaoxiao Wang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P R China 2021 09 28 2021 11 13 Introduction: The impacts of building layout on pedestrian level wind comfort and gas pollutant diffusion are simulated using computational fluid dynamics method. Materials and methods: The control equations of flow and pollutant diffusion are solved by using ANSYS Fluent. The SIMPLE algorithm is selected for the pressure-velocity coupling. The data from wind tunnel experiment at Tokyo Polytechnic University is employed in the validation case. Results: The velocity field and turbulence intensity at pedestrian level under different building layouts are obtained. The distribution and evaluation of wind comfort grade and pollutant concentration are given. Conclusion: Building layouts have significant impacts on flow and pollutant diffusion at pedestrian level. The outward staggered layout of building group can improve both wind comfort grade and air quality, but the inward staggered layout has the adverse effect. Non-staggered layouts are the worst in terms of the wind comfort grade in this paper. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/299 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/299/279

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 12 11 135 148 Reza Fouladi Fard Research Centre for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Fazileh Dordshaikh Torkamani 2Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Amir Hossein Mahvi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND 4Center for Solid waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Fahiminia Research Centre for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. 2- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran. Ali Koolivand Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Mohammad Reza Hosseini 7 Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Babak Eshrati Department of Social Medicine, School of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences. Research Center of Preventive Medicine. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maria Fiore Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia" University of Catania, Catania, Italy Alireza Omidi Oskouei Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Nayereh Rezaei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2021 09 12 2021 11 10 Introduction: Particulate Matter (PM), also known as aerosol, is the sum of all particles suspended in droplets floating in the air, which can have harmful impacts on humans all over the world. This cross-sectional study set out to evaluate the potential health effects of over-exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 on aggravating mortality and hospitalization due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Arak citizens. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional survey, AirQ+ model was used to estimate the health impacts of two particulate air pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) based on Relative Risk (RR), and Baseline Incidence (BI) obtained from reference documents. Results: According to the calculations, the attributable proportion percentage (AP%) and attributable excess cases (persons) for total mortality from PM10 were 3.3% (95% CI, 2.8%-3.8%) in 2014 vs. 4.9% (95% CI, 4.1%-5.6%) in 2015 and 99 persons in 2014 vs. 148 persons in 2015, respectively. Likewise, the AP (%) and the number of excess cases (persons) calculated for total mortality from PM2.5 were 3.3% (95% CI, 2.6%-4.1%) in 2014 vs. 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8%-1.3%) in 2015 and 99 persons in 2014 vs. 33 persons in 2015, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that dominant west winds could increase the particle matters produced from power plants, petrochemical plants, and western dust storm, leading to a surge in the mortality and morbidity related to particulate air pollutants in Arak. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/294 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/294/280

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 6 2 2021 06 29 149 160 EN Saeedeh Saeedi Tehrani Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bagher Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Parsapour Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roya Rashidpouraie Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Mansoure Madani Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2021 11 09 2021 11 10 Introduction: Today, 25% of diseases in the world are directly or indirectly caused by environmental problems. The present study attempts to clarify physicians’ moral responsibility in this regard and the roles they can play to decrease environmental problems. It also evaluates their attitudes towards and performance of these roles. The clarification of this issue paves the way for interventions through effective education or policy-making, as well as directing useful research. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was developed based on the results of qualitive study. The questionnaire assessed physicians’ awareness, attitude, and performance with regard to their environmental moral responsibilities. Results: Physicians with longer work experience had better performance. Those who worked in offices or at universities had also better performances compared to those working in hospitals. Physicians with more awareness had better performance, especially those who had acquired this awareness through books and educational workshops. The source of information was an effective factor on the gap between physicians’ attitude and performance scores those who had acquired information from books had the narrowest gap and those who had received information from social networks had the widest gap between attitude and performance scores. Conclusion: The health system and the environment and its problems are intertwined and greatly influence each other. Thus this interrelation and the necessity of being concerned and having moral sensitivity were explained. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/314 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/314/282