Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 153 162 Masoumeh Rahmatinia Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anooshiravan Mohseni Bandpey Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Shahsavani Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Hadei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Raeisi Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Vajeh Hasanzadeh Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Zali Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Yarahmadi Environmental and Occupational Health Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Majid Kermani Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Amouei Torkmahalleh Chemical and Aerosol Research Team, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur‐Sultan, Kazakhstan Zahra Namvar Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahriyar Bazzazpour Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 11 29 2020 12 26 Introduction: The novel coronavirus disease 2019, namely COVID-19, has been known as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To prevent of COVID-19 spread, most countries including Iran have implemented many preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementation /non- implementation of the traffic plan on confirmed cases, suspected cases, and mortality cases by COVID-19 as well as on air quality in Tehran. Materials and methods: Daily data of confirmed COVID-19 cases, suspected COVID-19 cases, mortality COVID-19 cases, air pollutants concentration and meteorological variables were obtained from 26 February, 2020 to 5August, 2020 in Tehran megacity and data were compared during the period’s implementation / non-implementation of traffic plan in Tehran. Results: Our results showed that the non-implementation of traffic plan has been effective in reducing the number of daily confirmed cases, suspected cases and mortality by COVID-19. Also, the average concentration of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, SO2 and CO have reduced significantly during non-implementation traffic plan phase. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that there is a significant association between non-implementation traffic plan and reduce risk of COVID-19 infection. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/261 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/261/250

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 201 202 Mohsen Dowlati Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shandiz Moslehi Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hesam Seyedin Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Health in Emergency and Disasters, School of Health Management and Information Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fazeleh Sadat Sakhaei Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 10 08 2020 12 26 Natural disasters are always among the main problems and challenges facing societies. Earthquakes had many adverse effects on human life, causing mortality, morbidity, and economical, psychological, and environmental damages. Tehran is one of the most vulnerable regions for disasters, especially earthquake due. In recent decades, ambient air pollution represents one of the most environmental risks to health in Tehran. One of the main factors increasing the concentration of air pollutants is vehicles. After the earthquake, people left their homes and stayed into their cars until morning. Therefore, due to the pollution caused by leaving the cars on, the concentration of pollutants increased and the caused a greater number of deaths attributed to air pollution. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/256 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/256/255

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 163 170 Safa Kalteh Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sajjad Mozaffari Department of Occupational health and safety, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iman Molaei Department of Environmental Engineering, Tehran West Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ramin Maleki Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 08 12 2020 12 26 Introduction: Salt is a crucial mineral for human health, however, a salt factory may lead to hazardous pollutant exposure. Heavy metal fumes are considered toxic for human health. This study aimed to investigate concentration and assess health risks posed by toxic fumes in a salt factory. Materials and methods: Three units in the factory including salt laboratory, maintenance and metalworks were sampled for Arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, NIOSH7300 method, and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometers (ICP-AES). Results: All hazardous levels of fumes were below the permissible limit. The highest concentration of toxic fumes (Cr) was found in the maintenance unit. With 0.0758 mg/m3, the highest total concentrations of heavy metals (tHM) was found in the maintenance unit (tHM for Salt laboratory=0.0281 mg/m3 and metalworks=0.0103 mg/m3). In salt laboratory, the metal fumes concentrations were ordered as Pb>As>Cd>Cr>Co; in maintenance unit: Cr>Pb>As>Co>Cd; in metalworks: Cr>As>Pb>Co>Cd. The total hazard quotient (tHQ) and lifetime cancer risk in salt laboratory unit were 5.11 and 4.93E-01, respectively; in maintenance the tHQ=9.35E+01 and LCR =5.90E-01; in metalworks tHQ=6.57 and LCR=4.95E-02. Conclusion: The pollutant levels were below the acceptable limit. Yet, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks that they pose are not negligible. Therefore, enhancing the efficiency of the ventilation system and additional monitoring on wearing protective equipment as preventive strategies are proposed. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/249 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/249/251

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 171 180 Farzad Fanaei Student Research Committee, school of public health, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Ghorbanian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abbas Shahsavani Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Jonidi Jafari Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Abdolahnejad Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran Majid Kermani Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzad Fanaei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 12 18 2021 01 15 Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/262 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/262/252

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 181 192 EN Abdullah Kaviani Rad Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Mohsen Shariati Department of Environmental Planning, Management and Education, School of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Zarei Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2020 11 04 2021 01 30 Introduction: Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems that has gradually spread since the industrial revolution with the consumption of fossil fuels. This situation is more visible in the capitals of industrialized and densely populated countries and towns. In late 2019, with the outbreak of the Coronavirus from China around the world, governments imposed strict restrictions on traffic and transportation to combat the epidemic. With the reduction of consumption of petroleum products in the industry and transportation system, air pollution has decreased in many cities in the world. Materials and methods: In this study, air pollution in the provinces of Iran has been collected and analyzed more than 4500 data. Data on 40 days of quarantine from 1 March to 9 April 2020 were examined. Results: The results of this study show that the concentrations of pollutants CO, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 decreased by 11, 15, 10, and 6%, respectively, during the lockdown period; but, the SO2 and O3 concentration increased by 15 and 12%. The highest decrease in air pollution is related to Gilan province (-66) and the highest increase in pollution is related to Isfahan province (+37) percent. Calculations show that the AQI has decreased by 6%, but in the second wave of the disease decreased by 75% compared to the lockdown period. Conclusion: The Coronavirus crisis has shown that air pollution can be addressed through the proper implementation of environmental policies https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/258 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/258/253

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 3 2020 09 29 193 200 Adinife Azodo Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Idama Omokaro Department of Computer Engineering, Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro, Nigeria Tochukwu Canice Mezue Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State, Nigeria 2020 06 19 2021 01 05 Introduction: Toxic gases emitted from electricity generating plants used for energy production process diffuse in the environment thereby causing environmental air pollution. The effect of the installation and usage of portable gasoline electricity generating plants at the balcony of different households on the indoor air quality was assessed in this study. Materials and methods: The data collected were the air quality chemical composition variables which include carbon-dioxide, formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds, coarse (PM10), and fine (PM2.5) particulate matters at the indoor of the households in Abeokuta metropolis, Ogun state, Nigeria. Physical measurement techniques used for the data collection was through the instrumentation design of two air quality testers, models WP6910 and ZN-202S. The indoor air quality assessment followed the generator nighttime usage routine between the hours of 6:30 – 10:00 pm at a measurement height of 1.3 m and the center in the living rooms of the residences assessed. Results: The analysis of the data obtained showed that the mean values for each of the air quality parameters obtained during generator usages were significantly higher when compared to the indoor air quality parameters before generator usages at p<0.05. The air pollutant levels before and during generator usages were within the established safe standard air quality limit by the world health organization. Conclusion: However, for the installation of a portable electricity generator at the residents’ balcony, it is recommended that the generators should be adapted with an emission reduction device for the exhaust composition amelioration to avoid possible accumulation effect over time https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/243 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/243/254