Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Air Pollution and Health 2476-3071 5 1 2020 05 26 1 10 Mostafa Hadei Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Philip Hopke Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA AND Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA Abbas Shahsavani Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nader Jahanmehr School of Management & Medical Education Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Rahmatinia Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Farhadi Center of Environmental and Occupational health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Maryam Yarahmadi Center of Environmental and Occupational health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Majid Kermani Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2020 05 10 2020 05 13 Introduction: Attributable health impacts of air pollution result in economic costs to societies. In this study, the WHO AirQ+ model was used to estimate the health impacts and health-related economic costs of PM2.5 and O3 in Karaj, the fourth largest city in Iran, from March 2015 to March 2016. Materials and methods: For PM2.5, long-term mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and morbidity such as acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), and short-term cardiovascular and respiratory hospitalizations were calculated. For ozone, short-term mortality and hospitalizations due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were estimated. The human capital method (HCM) was used to monetize the mortality impact attributed to selected air pollutants. Direct and indirect costs of morbidity were estimated using available local data on the costs related to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Results: The total number of IHD, COPD, LC and ALRI deaths attributed to PM2.5 in selected age groups was 576. The total number of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths attributed to O3 was 46 cases. For hospitalization, the aggregate cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions for both pollutants were 552. The total economic loss due to mortality and morbidity from selected health endpoints was approximately 44 million USD. Conclusion: Despite the limitations, such methodologies can be useful for policy-makers. Therefore, there is a compelling need to conduct cost of illness’s studies in other areas. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/234 https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/download/234/230